Question

Расположите в хронологической последовательности события ,связаны с историей а) образование духовно-рыцарских орденов ; б) крестовый поход детей; в) речь папы Урбана 2 в Клермоне; г) разгром крестоносцами Константинополя.

Answer 1

В а г б..........................

Answer 2

Formation of the Spiritual-Military Orders

The formation of the spiritual-military orders refers to the establishment of religious orders that combined the ideals of chivalry and religious devotion. These orders played a significant role in the history of the Crusades and the medieval period. The two most prominent orders were the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller.

The Knights Templar, officially known as the Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, were founded in the early 12th century. They were initially established to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. The order quickly gained wealth and power, becoming a formidable military force. However, their influence declined after the loss of the Holy Land in the late 13th century, and they were eventually disbanded in the early 14th century.

The Knights Hospitaller, also known as the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, were founded in the 11th century. Originally, they provided medical care to pilgrims in Jerusalem. Over time, they expanded their activities to include military defense and became one of the most powerful orders in the medieval period. The Hospitallers survived the loss of the Holy Land and continued to exist in various forms up to the present day.

Children's Crusade

The Children's Crusade was a unique event that took place in the early 13th century. It was not a traditional military campaign but rather a movement of young people, primarily children and teenagers, who believed they could peacefully convert Muslims in the Holy Land and bring about the end of the Crusades.

The exact details and scale of the Children's Crusade are debated among historians, and there are different accounts of what actually happened. According to some sources, thousands of children from various European countries embarked on a journey to the Mediterranean, hoping to reach the Holy Land. However, the majority of these children faced hardships and never reached their intended destination. Some were deceived by unscrupulous individuals who exploited their innocence, while others were sold into slavery.

The Children's Crusade is often seen as a tragic and misguided episode in the history of the Crusades. It highlighted the fervor and enthusiasm of the time but ultimately ended in disappointment and tragedy for many involved.

Pope Urban II's Speech in Clermont

Pope Urban II's speech in Clermont is a pivotal event that occurred in 1095. It marked the beginning of the First Crusade, which aimed to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. The speech was delivered during the Council of Clermont, a gathering of church leaders and nobles.

In his speech, Pope Urban II called for a holy war against the Muslims and urged Christians to take up arms and join the Crusade. He emphasized the religious significance of the Holy Land and the need to defend Christianity. The speech was met with great enthusiasm, and many people responded by taking the cross, symbolizing their commitment to the Crusade.

Pope Urban II's speech in Clermont is considered a significant turning point