Question

Развитие английской буржуазной революции, плииииззззз :)

Answer 1

Карл первый создаёт парламент в 1628г., дабы получить больше денежных средств. Он думал, что парламент поднимет налоги, но этого не случилось. Парламент составил "Петицию о праве" и вручил её королю. В петиции говорилось, то король должен все действие согласовывать с парламентом. Тогда Карл единолично поднимает налоги, чем провоцирует восстание в Шотландии. Тогда он созывает в 1640г. Долгий парламент. И тут начинается гражданская война, которая длилась с 1642 до 1648 гг. Война была между сторонниками короля и сторонниками реформ. Король проиграл, и его казнили. Вместо него на трон приходит Оливер Кромвель. Он совершил ряд преобразований, но крестьяне в итоге ничего не не получили. Тогда Оливера тоже казнили. В 1660г. в страну возвращается сын Карла и становится королём. В 1688 он принял "Билль о правах", который ограничивал его власть, а в 1689г. новый король Вильгельм провёл "славную революцию" (реформы без кровопролития), на чём закончилась Английская буржуазная революция

Answer 2

Development of the English Bourgeois Revolution

The English Bourgeois Revolution, also known as the English Revolution or the English Civil War, was a series of political and military conflicts in England during the 17th century. It resulted in the overthrow of King Charles I and the establishment of a republican government led by Oliver Cromwell.

Causes of the English Bourgeois Revolution

The English Bourgeois Revolution had several causes, including political, religious, and economic factors. Here are some key factors that contributed to its development:

1. Political Factors: The English Bourgeois Revolution was fueled by tensions between the monarchy and Parliament. King Charles I's attempts to assert absolute power and bypass Parliament's authority led to conflicts and a breakdown in trust between the two institutions.

2. Religious Factors: Religious divisions played a significant role in the English Bourgeois Revolution. The conflict between the Anglican Church and various Protestant sects, such as Puritans and Presbyterians, created a volatile religious landscape. The Puritans, in particular, sought to reform the Church of England and establish a more Calvinist form of worship.

3. Economic Factors: Economic changes, such as the growth of capitalism and the emergence of a wealthy merchant class, also contributed to the development of the English Bourgeois Revolution. The bourgeoisie, or the rising middle class, sought greater political power and economic opportunities.

Key Events and Phases

The English Bourgeois Revolution can be divided into several key events and phases:

1. The Long Parliament (1640-1660): The Long Parliament was convened in 1640 and played a crucial role in challenging the authority of King Charles I. It passed important legislation, such as the Triennial Act, which required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.

2. The Civil War (1642-1651): The Civil War was the armed conflict between the forces loyal to King Charles I (Royalists or Cavaliers) and those supporting Parliament (Parliamentarians or Roundheads). The war resulted in the defeat and execution of Charles I in 1649.

3. The Interregnum (1649-1660): After the execution of Charles I, England was declared a republic known as the Commonwealth. Oliver Cromwell emerged as the leader of the Commonwealth and ruled as Lord Protector. This period saw significant political and religious reforms, including the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a Puritanical regime.

4. The Restoration (1660): The Restoration marked the return of the monarchy in England. Charles II, the son of Charles I, was invited to reclaim the throne, and the period following his restoration saw a shift towards a more stable and constitutional monarchy.

Impact and Legacy

The English Bourgeois Revolution had a profound impact on English society and laid the foundation for modern political and constitutional developments. Some key impacts and legacies include:

1. Constitutional Monarchy: The revolution contributed to the development of a constitutional monarchy in England, where the power of the monarch was limited by law and shared with Parliament.

2. Religious Toleration: The revolution led to greater religious toleration in England. The Act of Toleration in 1689 granted freedom of worship to Protestant dissenters, although Catholics and non-Protestant groups still faced restrictions.

3. Political Thought: The English Bourgeois Revolution stimulated political thought and debate. It gave rise to influential thinkers such as John Locke, who advocated for individual rights, limited government, and the social contract theory.

4. Colonial Expansion: The revolution also had an impact on England's colonial expansion. The establishment of the Commonwealth led to the expansion of English influence in North America, particularly in the New England colonies.

Overall, the English Bourgeois Revolution was a complex and multifaceted event that shaped the course of English history. It was driven by political, religious, and economic factors and resulted in significant political and social changes that continue to influence modern-day England.

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