Question

Когда и почему была создана вашингтонская конференция

Answer 1

12 ноября 1921 — 6 февраля 1922, конференция США, Великобритании, Китая, Японии, Франции, Италии, Нидерландов, Бельгии и Португалии; зафиксировала создавшееся после 1-й мировой войны соотношение сил государств в бассейне Тихого океана, благоприятное для США. Важнейшие решения Вашингтонской конференции: Договор четырёх держав, Договор пяти держав, Договор девяти держав. Советская Россия не получила приглашения на конференцию. Делегация Дальневосточной республики, прибывшая в Вашингтон, на конференцию не была допущена.

Answer 2

Washington Conference: Date and Purpose

The Washington Conference, also known as the Washington Naval Conference, was held from November 12, 1921, to February 6, 1922 It was organized with the aim of addressing the naval arms race and promoting peace and stability in the Pacific region.

Background and Motivation

During the early 20th century, there was a significant increase in naval armaments among major powers, particularly the United States, Great Britain, and Japan. This arms race raised concerns about the potential for conflict and instability in the Pacific region.

The Washington Conference was convened to address these concerns and find ways to reduce tensions and prevent a full-scale naval arms race. The conference was initiated by the United States, which sought to establish naval limitations and promote peaceful coexistence among major powers.

Key Outcomes and Agreements

The Washington Conference resulted in several important agreements and treaties. Here are some of the key outcomes:

1. Five-Power Treaty: This treaty, signed on February 6, 1922, limited the total tonnage and number of capital ships (battleships and battlecruisers) that each participating country could possess. The United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy were the signatories of this treaty.

2. Four-Power Treaty: Signed on December 13, 1921, this treaty aimed to maintain peace in the Pacific by establishing a framework for consultation and cooperation among the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and France. It recognized the territorial status quo in the Pacific and committed the signatories to respect each other's possessions in the region.

3. Nine-Power Treaty: This treaty, signed on February 6, 1922, reaffirmed the Open Door Policy in China and aimed to preserve China's territorial integrity and sovereignty. The signatories included the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal, and China.

4. Naval Limitations: The conference also resulted in agreements on naval limitations, including restrictions on the construction of new capital ships and the scrapping of existing ships. These limitations aimed to reduce the potential for an arms race and promote stability in the Pacific region.

Significance and Legacy

The Washington Conference was a significant event in international diplomacy and naval disarmament. It marked the first major attempt by world powers to address the issue of arms control through multilateral negotiations. The agreements reached during the conference helped to reduce tensions and stabilize the naval balance of power in the Pacific region.

The conference also set a precedent for future disarmament talks and laid the foundation for subsequent arms control agreements, such as the London Naval Treaty of 1930. It demonstrated the potential for diplomatic negotiations to address security concerns and promote peace among major powers.

Overall, the Washington Conference played a crucial role in shaping the international order in the aftermath of World War I and contributed to the maintenance of peace and stability in the Pacific region during the interwar period