Question

Какие меры способствовали укреплению британского господства в индии? Всеобщая история 8 класс.

Answer 1

1. Несмотря на значительную территорию распространения, восстание не стало по- настоящему единым. Отдельные его очаги (Дели, Агра, Канпур) существовали фактически изолированно друг от друга.2. Крайне слабая военная организация восставших. Сипаи, будучи неплохо подготовленными солдатами, не обладали практически никакими навыками руководства военными действиями и организации масштабных военных операций.3. Утопичная по своей сути идея возрождения империи Великих Моголов, возникшая после победы восстания в Дели, не встретила поддержки со стороны значительной части восставших и в первую очередь – индуистов. Более того, эта идея была встречена насторожено или враждебно в Центральной и Северной Индии, Пенджабе, Непале и ряде других районов. В силу этого восстание охватило лишь часть Северной Индии. 4. Сыграла свою роль традиционная разобщенность индийского населения по конфессиональному, этническому, кастовому критериям. Фактор традиционных противоречий между различными группами индийского населения был максимально эффективно использован британскими колонизаторами.

Answer 2

Measures that contributed to strengthening British dominance in India

The British Empire's dominance in India was established and maintained through a combination of political, economic, and military measures. Here are some of the key factors that contributed to the strengthening of British rule in India:

1. British East India Company: The British East India Company played a significant role in establishing British control in India. Initially, the company was granted trading rights by the Mughal Empire, but it gradually expanded its influence and established its own administration in various parts of India.

2. Military Superiority: The British had a significant military advantage over the Indian rulers. They had well-trained and disciplined armies equipped with modern weaponry, which helped them to conquer and control large parts of India. The Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764 were crucial victories for the British East India Company, which further solidified their control.

3. Divide and Rule Policy: The British employed a policy of "divide and rule" to maintain control over India. They exploited existing divisions among the Indian rulers and communities, such as religious, linguistic, and regional differences, to prevent the emergence of a united resistance against their rule.

4. Economic Exploitation: The British exploited India's resources and economy for their own benefit. They imposed heavy taxes, introduced discriminatory trade policies, and established a system of land revenue collection that often led to the impoverishment of Indian peasants. This economic exploitation helped the British to accumulate wealth and strengthen their hold over India.

5. Infrastructure Development: The British invested in the development of infrastructure in India, such as railways, telegraph lines, and irrigation systems. While these developments were primarily aimed at serving British interests, they also had the effect of integrating different regions of India and facilitating the movement of goods and people, which further consolidated British control.

6. Education and Anglicization: The British introduced Western education in India, which had a profound impact on Indian society. The spread of English education created a class of Indians who were educated in Western ideas and values, leading to the emergence of a Westernized elite that often collaborated with the British. This process of Anglicization helped to perpetuate British influence in India.

7. Suppression of Indian Revolts: The British effectively suppressed several Indian revolts and uprisings against their rule, such as the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. These revolts posed significant challenges to British control, but the British were able to crush them and reestablish their authority, further consolidating their dominance in India.

It is important to note that the British rule in India was marked by both cooperation and resistance from various sections of Indian society. While the measures mentioned above contributed to the strengthening of British dominance, they also fueled nationalist sentiments and eventually led to the Indian independence movement.