Question

Одной из причин отступления русской армии в начале Отечественной войны 1812г. 1) надежда на поддержку войск антифранцузской коалиции 2) ставка командования на поддержку армии многочисленными партизанскими отрядами 3) необходимость обЬединения сил 1-ой и 2-ой русских армий 4) отсутствие боеприпасов у русской армии

Answer 1

3 необходимость объединения сил 1-ой и 2-ой русских армий

Answer 2

Reasons for the Retreat of the Russian Army in the Beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812

The retreat of the Russian army in the early stages of the Patriotic War of 1812 can be attributed to several factors. These include:

1) Hope for Support from the Anti-French Coalition: One of the reasons for the retreat was the Russian army's hope for support from the anti-French coalition. At the time, Russia was part of a coalition of European powers that aimed to counter the expansionist ambitions of Napoleon Bonaparte. The Russian army initially expected assistance from its allies in the coalition, which could have bolstered their position against the French forces. However, this support did not materialize as expected.

2) Reliance on Partisan Support: The Russian command also relied on the support of partisan units to disrupt the French supply lines and weaken their forces. Partisan warfare, characterized by hit-and-run tactics and guerrilla warfare, was seen as a way to counter the superior strength and organization of the French army. The Russian command hoped that the partisan units would be able to harass the French forces and create difficulties for their advance. However, the effectiveness of partisan warfare was limited, and it did not provide the desired results.

3) Need to Consolidate Forces: Another reason for the retreat was the necessity to consolidate the forces of the 1st and 2nd Russian armies. The Russian army was initially divided into two separate armies, and the retreat allowed them to regroup and combine their forces. This consolidation was crucial for the Russian command to strengthen their position and mount a more effective defense against the French invasion.

4) Lack of Ammunition: The Russian army also faced a significant challenge due to the lack of ammunition. The Russian forces were ill-prepared for a prolonged conflict and did not have sufficient supplies of ammunition to sustain a prolonged defense. This shortage of ammunition made it difficult for the Russian army to engage in sustained combat with the advancing French forces, leading to the decision to retreat.

It is important to note that these factors are not exhaustive, and other considerations may have also influenced the decision to retreat. The retreat of the Russian army in the early stages of the Patriotic War of 1812 was a complex event influenced by various military, strategic, and logistical factors.

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