Question

Політична роздробленість Київської держави у 12 - першій половині 13 ст. зумовлювала: а) зростання могутності окремих удільних князівств, б)піднесення Києва як господарського центру, в)падіння ролі вотчинного землеволодіння, г) занепад міського життя і торгівлі

Answer 1

А)зростання могутності окремих удільних князівств

Answer 2

Political Fragmentation of the Kyivan Rus State in the 12th to the First Half of the 13th Century

The political fragmentation of the Kyivan Rus state in the 12th to the first half of the 13th century had several significant consequences:

a) Growth of the Power of Individual Appanage Principalities: The political fragmentation led to the emergence of numerous appanage principalities, which were ruled by individual princes. These principalities gained more autonomy and power, leading to the decentralization of political authority within the Kyivan Rus state. Each prince had control over his own territory and could exercise his own policies and decisions [[1]].

b) Rise of Kyiv as an Economic Center: The political fragmentation also resulted in the rise of Kyiv as an economic center. As the capital of the Kyivan Rus state, Kyiv continued to be an important hub for trade and commerce. Despite the political fragmentation, Kyiv maintained its economic significance and attracted merchants and traders from various regions. The city's economic activities contributed to its growth and development as a major economic center [[2]].

c) Decline of the Role of Patrimonial Landownership: The political fragmentation of the Kyivan Rus state led to a decline in the role of patrimonial landownership. Patrimonial landownership refers to the system where land was owned and controlled by the ruling dynasty or the prince. With the emergence of appanage principalities, the control over land became more fragmented, and the power of the ruling dynasty weakened. This shift in landownership had implications for the political and social structure of the Kyivan Rus state [[3]].

d) Decline of Urban Life and Trade: The political fragmentation also resulted in the decline of urban life and trade within the Kyivan Rus state. As power became decentralized and individual principalities gained more autonomy, the central authority's ability to regulate and support urban centers and trade routes diminished. This led to a decline in urban development and a decrease in trade activities. The fragmentation of political power disrupted the stability and prosperity of cities, impacting their growth and economic activities [[4]].

In summary, the political fragmentation of the Kyivan Rus state in the 12th to the first half of the 13th century had significant consequences, including the growth of individual appanage principalities, the rise of Kyiv as an economic center, the decline of patrimonial landownership, and the decline of urban life and trade. These developments shaped the political, economic, and social landscape of the Kyivan Rus state during this period.