Question

Как вы думаете почему в 19 веке главным требованием в англиском обществе стало требование парламенсткой рефоры

Answer 1

В 19 веке в Британии активно шли процессы индустриализации и урбанизации, активно развивалось предпринимательство. Увеличилась (значительно) городская часть населения. Произошла промышленная революция. Увеличилась доля буржуазии и рабочего класса. Социальная и политическая обстановка, таким образом, складывалась уже не в пользу старой системы управления (дворяне, особенно в Палате Лордов) , в пользу среднего класса. Поэтому потребовалось учитывать эту тенденцию применительно к парламенту. Также именно тогда потребовалось наличие представителей рабочих и пр. движений в политике.

Answer 2

The Demand for Parliamentary Reform in 19th Century England

In the 19th century, the demand for parliamentary reform became a prominent issue in English society. This demand arose due to several factors, including social and economic changes, political unrest, and the desire for greater representation and democratic rights.

1. Social and Economic Changes: One of the key factors driving the demand for parliamentary reform was the significant social and economic changes taking place in 19th century England. The Industrial Revolution brought about rapid urbanization, with people moving from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities. This led to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and a growing divide between the wealthy and the working class. As a result, there was a growing sense of social inequality and a desire for change.

2. Political Unrest: Political unrest and dissatisfaction with the existing political system also contributed to the demand for parliamentary reform. The existing system was seen as outdated and unrepresentative, with power concentrated in the hands of a small elite. The majority of the population, including the working class and non-landowning middle class, had little or no political influence. This lack of representation and voice in government led to frustration and a desire for change.

3. Desire for Greater Representation and Democratic Rights: Another important factor behind the demand for parliamentary reform was the desire for greater representation and democratic rights. Many people believed that the existing electoral system was corrupt and unfair, with widespread bribery and corruption influencing election outcomes. There was a growing demand for universal suffrage, where all adult citizens would have the right to vote, regardless of their wealth or social status. Additionally, there was a call for fairer electoral districts and the elimination of rotten boroughs, which were constituencies with very few voters but significant political influence.

4. Influence of Reform Movements: The demand for parliamentary reform was also influenced by various reform movements that emerged during the 19th century. These movements, such as the Chartists and the Suffragettes, advocated for political and social change, including the expansion of voting rights and the improvement of working conditions. They organized protests, petitions, and other forms of activism to raise awareness and push for reform.

In conclusion, the demand for parliamentary reform in 19th century England was driven by social and economic changes, political unrest, the desire for greater representation and democratic rights, and the influence of reform movements. These factors combined to create a widespread demand for change and ultimately led to significant reforms in the political system.