Question

Опиши процесс добычи медесодержащей руды: 1-............................ 2-........................... 3-............................ 4-............................. 5-............................. 6-.............................

Answer 1

1. Бурение шпуров или скважин в массиве руды
2. Заполнение шпуров (скважин) взрывчаткой и ее взрывание
3. Подача воздуха для удаления взрывных газов
4. Погрузка раздробленной руды в транспортные средства
5. Транспортирование раздробленной руды по подземным выработкам до места ее перегрузки в подъемные сосуды
6. Подъем руды на дневную поверхность и складирование на поверхности. 

Answer 2

Process of Extracting Copper-Bearing Ore

The process of extracting copper-bearing ore involves several steps. Here is a detailed description of each step:

1. Exploration and Site Selection The first step in the process is exploration and site selection. Geologists and mining engineers study the geological formations and conduct surveys to identify areas with potential copper deposits. This involves analyzing rock samples, conducting geophysical surveys, and using remote sensing techniques to locate areas with high copper content.

2. Mine Planning and Development Once a suitable site is identified, mine planning and development begin. This involves obtaining the necessary permits and licenses, acquiring land rights, and designing the mine infrastructure. The mine is then prepared for excavation, which includes clearing vegetation, constructing access roads, and establishing facilities for workers and equipment.

3. Extraction of Copper Ore The next step is the extraction of copper ore from the mine. There are two primary methods used for this purpose:

- Open-pit Mining: In open-pit mining, large quantities of soil and rock are removed to expose the copper ore. This method is used when the copper deposits are close to the surface. Heavy machinery, such as excavators and haul trucks, is used to remove the overburden and extract the ore. The ore is then transported to a processing plant for further treatment.

- Underground Mining: Underground mining is used when the copper deposits are located deep underground. In this method, tunnels are excavated to access the ore body. Miners use specialized equipment, such as drills and explosives, to extract the ore. The extracted ore is then transported to the surface for processing.

4. Crushing and Grinding After the ore is extracted, it is crushed and ground into smaller particles. This process is known as comminution. Crushing and grinding the ore helps to liberate the copper minerals from the surrounding rock. This increases the surface area of the ore, making it easier to extract the copper during the subsequent steps.

5. Concentration The next step is concentration, also known as beneficiation or ore dressing. The crushed and ground ore is subjected to various physical and chemical processes to separate the copper minerals from the gangue (unwanted materials). Common methods of concentration include froth flotation, magnetic separation, and gravity separation. These processes exploit the differences in physical and chemical properties between the copper minerals and the gangue.

6. Smelting and Refining Once the copper minerals are concentrated, they are further processed through smelting and refining. Smelting involves heating the concentrated ore in a furnace to remove impurities and produce a molten copper matte. The matte is then further refined through processes such as converting, electrorefining, and casting to obtain pure copper metal.

It is important to note that the specific details of the copper ore extraction process may vary depending on the type of deposit, the scale of mining operations, and the technological advancements used in the industry. The steps described above provide a general overview of the process.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.