Question

в период с 1985-1991 в политической системе ссср произошли изменения по сравнению с 1964-1985г. приведите факты подтверждающие это положение. Заранее спасибо

Answer 1

Смена власти(Брежнев и Горбаче)с 1985г. политика "гласности", "новое политическое мышление". Период "застоя" запомнился политикой репресий против диссидентов и шестидесятников.Единственная существующая партия КПСС, с приходом Горбачева уменьшается влияние на полит.жизнь, разрешения других полит.партий. 

Answer 2

Changes in the Political System of the USSR (1985-1991) compared to 1964-1985

During the period from 1985 to 1991, significant changes occurred in the political system of the Soviet Union (USSR) compared to the preceding period of 1964-1985. These changes were primarily driven by the policies and reforms implemented under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1985. Here are some facts that support this statement:

1. Glasnost (Openness): One of the key changes introduced during this period was the policy of glasnost, which aimed to increase transparency and openness in the Soviet society. It allowed for greater freedom of speech, press, and expression, leading to increased public debate and criticism of the government [[1]].

2. Perestroika (Restructuring): Another significant reform introduced by Gorbachev was perestroika, which aimed to restructure and revitalize the Soviet economy. It involved decentralization of economic decision-making, allowing limited market mechanisms, and encouraging private enterprise [[2]].

3. Political Pluralism: The period from 1985 to 1991 witnessed the emergence of political pluralism in the Soviet Union. Previously, the CPSU held a monopoly on political power, but under Gorbachev's leadership, other political parties were allowed to operate, and competitive elections were held at various levels [[3]].

4. Democratization: Gorbachev's reforms also aimed to democratize the political system of the USSR. This included the introduction of direct elections for local and regional bodies, as well as the establishment of the Congress of People's Deputies, which was the first genuinely elected national legislative body in the Soviet Union [[4]].

5. Nationalism and Independence Movements: The period from 1985 to 1991 also saw a resurgence of nationalism within the Soviet Union. Various republics within the USSR, such as Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia, demanded greater autonomy and eventually declared independence [[5]].

6. End of the CPSU's Monopoly on Power: In a significant departure from the previous period, Gorbachev allowed for the formation of multiple political parties and ended the CPSU's monopoly on power. This led to the rise of new political forces and increased political competition [[6]].

7. Dissolution of the USSR: The most significant change that occurred during this period was the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself. In 1991, the USSR ceased to exist, and the independent states of Russia and other former Soviet republics emerged [[7]].

These facts highlight the substantial changes that took place in the political system of the USSR from 1985 to 1991 compared to the preceding period of 1964-1985. The reforms introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev, such as glasnost, perestroika, political pluralism, and democratization, had a profound impact on the Soviet Union and ultimately led to its dissolution.

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