Question

почему лед снаружи прозрачный а внутри непрозрачный

Answer 1

Чем больше в воде кислорода тем мутнее получается лед. В центре лёд замерзает дольше тем самым там кислорода больше вот и лёд мутнее.

Answer 2

замерзая снаружи лёд вытесняет к центру растворённые в воде соли и взвеси, из-за которых вода в центре замерзает позже, чем по краям и эти загрязнения "замутняют" лёд в центре

Answer 3

Why is ice transparent on the outside but opaque on the inside?

Ice is transparent on the outside and opaque on the inside due to the way light interacts with the ice crystals. When light passes through a substance, it can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. In the case of ice, the outer layer is transparent because the ice crystals are more compact and uniform, allowing light to pass through with minimal scattering or absorption. This is why we see ice as transparent or translucent from the outside.

However, as light continues to penetrate deeper into the ice, it encounters more ice crystals and impurities. These impurities can include air bubbles, dust particles, or dissolved substances. These impurities scatter and absorb light, causing the ice to appear opaque or cloudy on the inside. The scattering of light by these impurities disrupts the regular transmission of light, making it difficult for light to pass through the ice and reach our eyes.

In summary, the transparency of ice on the outside is due to the compact and uniform arrangement of ice crystals, allowing light to pass through with minimal scattering or absorption. On the inside, impurities and the scattering of light by these impurities make the ice appear opaque or cloudy.