Question

Заполните пропуски примерно в тоже время,что и в Шумери,возникли первые протогосударства в _____. они формировались в виде объединений вокруг храмов.Эти области,во главе которых стояли жрецы, стали именоваться термином____

Answer 1

Формировались в Египте, термин - ном (города-храмы)

Answer 2

The Emergence of the First City-States in Sumer

The first city-states in Sumer emerged around the same time as the first proto-states in Egypt. These city-states were formed as religious centers and were organized around temples. The regions led by priests in these city-states were referred to as "temple states" or "theocracies".

The city-states in Sumer, located in what is now southern Iraq, were among the earliest complex societies in human history. They emerged around 4000 BCE and were characterized by urbanization, social stratification, and the development of writing systems.

The city-states of Sumer, such as Uruk, Ur, and Lagash, were centered around large temple complexes known as ziggurats. These temples were not only religious centers but also served as administrative and economic hubs. The priests who controlled these temples held significant power and influence within their respective city-states.

The temple states of Sumer were characterized by a hierarchical social structure, with the priests at the top of the social ladder. They controlled the agricultural surplus, organized labor, and managed trade and commerce. The priests also played a crucial role in religious rituals and ceremonies, which were central to the functioning of the city-states.

The emergence of the first city-states in Sumer marked a significant shift in human society. It represented the transition from small, egalitarian communities to larger, more complex societies with centralized authority and specialized roles.