Question

Какие перемены происходили в сельском хозяйстве после 1861г? что способствовало его развитию, а что тормозило?

Answer 1

После отмены крепостного права в сельском хозяйстве большие изменения:
- продуктивность сельскохозяйственного производства привела к развитию товарно-денежных отношений
- обезземеливание крестьян, особенно в центральных, черноземных районах
(население увеличивалось, а земельные наделы – нет)
- соглашение крестьян и помещиков – Уставная грамота

Answer 2

Changes in Agriculture after 1861

After the Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861, significant changes occurred in Russian agriculture. These changes were influenced by various factors that both contributed to its development and hindered its progress.

Contributing Factors: The development of agriculture was influenced by several factors, including: - Technological Advancements: The introduction of new agricultural machinery and techniques contributed to the modernization of agriculture. - Expansion of Arable Land: The expansion of arable land through the clearing of forests and the reclamation of marshes facilitated agricultural development. - Infrastructure Development: The construction of railways and roads improved transportation and facilitated the movement of agricultural products to markets. - Market Access: Improved access to domestic and international markets allowed for increased trade and economic growth in the agricultural sector.

Inhibiting Factors: Several factors also hindered the development of agriculture, such as: - Land Redistribution Challenges: The redistribution of land after the emancipation of the serfs led to fragmented landholdings, which posed challenges for efficient agricultural production. - Resistance to Change: Some landowners were resistant to adopting modern agricultural practices, which slowed down the overall modernization of the sector. - Economic Instability: Economic instability, including fluctuations in commodity prices and market uncertainties, posed challenges to the growth of agriculture. - Labor Shortages: The transition from serf labor to wage labor created labor shortages in some regions, impacting agricultural productivity.

These factors collectively influenced the trajectory of agricultural development in Russia after 1861.