Question

Чем были вызваны упадок городов в раннее Средневековье и их возрождение с X-XI веков?

Answer 1

Упадок городов раннего средневековья связан с большим процентом смертей от болезней, плохой торговлей. Люди не могли заниматься духовным трудом, размышлять о мироздании и создавать великие вещи в искусстве. Жители европейских городов занимались выживанием, существовали, а не жили. Впрочем, они сами были виноваты в большинстве своих бед, ведь абсолютно не соблюдали правила гигиены: не мылись(даже не мыли руки), выливали все нечестивые отходы прямо в окно, на улицу, иметь вшей было очень престижно. 
Позже, в высшем средневековье, стали появляться великие гении. Многим людям стали интересны науки, искусство, музыка. Конечно, ситуация в целом улучшилась не на много, но для зарождения духовной стороны общества этого хватило.

Answer 2

Causes of the Decline of Cities in the Early Middle Ages and Their Revival from the 10th to 11th Centuries

The decline of cities in the early Middle Ages and their subsequent revival from the 10th to 11th centuries can be attributed to several factors.

Decline of Cities in the Early Middle Ages: The decline of cities in the early Middle Ages was influenced by various factors, including: - Barbarian Invasions: The invasions by various barbarian tribes, such as the Visigoths, Vandals, and Huns, led to the destruction of cities and the decline of urban life. - Economic Disruption: The collapse of the Roman Empire and the disruption of trade routes contributed to economic decline, leading to the depopulation and decay of cities. - Political Instability: The political instability and decentralization of power also played a role in the decline of cities during this period.

Revival of Cities from the 10th to 11th Centuries: The revival of cities from the 10th to 11th centuries can be attributed to several factors, including: - Agricultural Innovations: Technological advancements in agriculture, such as the adoption of the heavy plow and the three-field system, led to increased agricultural productivity, which in turn supported urban growth. - Trade and Commerce: The revival of long-distance trade and the growth of commerce contributed to the revitalization of urban centers, leading to the growth of markets and the reemergence of urban life. - Feudalism and Stability: The establishment of feudalism and relative stability in the political and social spheres provided a conducive environment for the resurgence of urban centers.

The revival of cities in the 10th to 11th centuries marked a significant turning point in the history of urban development, laying the foundation for the flourishing urban centers of the later medieval period.

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