Question

Перечислете ключевые события которые проищошли в истории ислама между 610 и 1258 г.

Answer 1

622 год - Мухаммед со сторонниками переселился в соседний оазис - Медину.
630 год - знать подписала с Муххамедом соглашение и открыла перед ним ворота Мекки.
711 год - арабы переправились через Гибралтарский полуостров.
750 год - власть в халифате перешла к династии Аббасидов.
768 - 809 год - года правления Харуна ар - Рашида
973 - 1048 - Учёный аль - Бируни высказал генеральную догадку, что центром нашей Вселенной является Солнце, а Земля движется вокруг него.
980 - 1037 год - годы жизни Ибн - Сида.
934 - 1020 годы жизни знаменитого поэта Фирдоуси.

Answer 2

Key Events in the History of Islam Between 610 and 1258

1. The Birth of Islam (610 CE) - The history of Islam begins with the birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 570 CE. However, the pivotal event for the start of Islam is considered to be the year 610 CE when Muhammad received the first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca.

2. The Hijra (622 CE) - In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina, an event known as the Hijra. This migration marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar and is considered a significant event in Islamic history.

3. The Conquest of Mecca (630 CE) - In 630 CE, Muhammad and his followers conquered Mecca, the holiest city in Islam. This event marked a turning point in the spread and acceptance of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula.

4. The Death of Muhammad (632 CE) - In 632 CE, Muhammad passed away in Medina, marking the end of his prophethood. His death led to a period of succession and the establishment of the first Islamic caliphate.

5. The Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE) - After the death of Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphate was established, with Abu Bakr as the first caliph, followed by Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This period saw the expansion of Islam beyond the Arabian Peninsula.

6. The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) - The Umayyad Caliphate, established after the death of Ali, marked a significant expansion of Islam into North Africa, Spain, and Central Asia. It was a period of territorial growth and cultural development.

7. The Abbasid Revolution (750 CE) - The Abbasid Revolution led to the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate and the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750 CE. This marked a shift in the center of Islamic power from Damascus to Baghdad.

8. The Golden Age of Islam - The period between the 8th and 14th centuries is often referred to as the Golden Age of Islam. It was marked by significant advancements in science, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy, as well as the preservation and translation of classical knowledge.

9. The Mongol Invasion and the Sack of Baghdad (1258 CE) - In 1258 CE, the Mongol Empire, under the leadership of Hulagu Khan, sacked Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. This event led to the destruction of the city and marked the end of the Abbasid Caliphate.

These key events provide a glimpse into the rich and complex history of Islam between the years 610 and 1258 CE, encompassing the life of Muhammad, the expansion of Islamic empires, and the cultural and intellectual achievements of the Islamic world.