Question

Сравнение Лютера и Кальвина(новое время), чем были общие и разные их учения.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Comparing Luther and Calvin in the Modern Era

When comparing Martin Luther and John Calvin in the modern era, it's important to consider both their similarities and differences in their teachings.

Similarities: Both Luther and Calvin were key figures in the Protestant Reformation and shared some common beliefs and principles. They both emphasized the authority of scripture and the doctrine of justification by faith alone. Additionally, they both rejected the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church's teachings on indulgences and sacraments.

Luther and Calvin also shared a commitment to the priesthood of all believers, meaning that they believed all Christians have direct access to God and do not require an intermediary such as a priest for spiritual matters.

Differences: Despite their shared commitment to the principles of the Reformation, Luther and Calvin had some differences in their teachings. One notable difference is their views on the Eucharist. Luther held to the doctrine of consubstantiation, which teaches that the body and blood of Christ are present "in, with, and under" the bread and wine. On the other hand, Calvin held to a more symbolic view of the Eucharist, known as memorialism, which sees the bread and wine as symbols of Christ's body and blood.

Another difference lies in their views on predestination. While both Luther and Calvin believed in predestination, Calvin's doctrine of predestination was more deterministic and emphasized the sovereignty of God in the salvation of individuals, whereas Luther's views on predestination were less systematic and less deterministic.

In summary, while Luther and Calvin shared common ground in their rejection of certain Catholic teachings and their emphasis on the authority of scripture and justification by faith, they had differences in their views on the Eucharist and predestination, which shaped their respective theological traditions in the modern era.