Question

какие действия правительства рф заложили основы рыночной экономики.Определите положительные и отрицательные результаты этого процесса. Сформулируйте выводы.

Answer 1

"Сухой закон", 7 мая 1985 года.
Ничто так быстро и эффективно не поспособствовало переводу оборотных средств и капиталов в сферу теневого рынка, развитию предпринимательского духа у граждан и становлению негосударственной организованной преступности - основного лобби и движущей силы последующего разгосударствления экономики.

 

Answer 2

Introduction

As of Saturday, November 18, 2023 11:08:27 UTC, the Russian Federation has taken several actions to lay the foundations of a market economy. These actions have had both positive and negative results. In this response, we will explore the actions taken by the Russian government, discuss the positive and negative outcomes of this process, and provide some conclusions.

Actions Taken by the Russian Government

The Russian government has implemented various measures to establish a market economy. Some of the key actions include:

1. Privatization: The government initiated a large-scale privatization program in the 1990s, transferring state-owned enterprises to private ownership. This allowed for increased competition and private sector participation in the economy.

2. Deregulation: The government implemented reforms to reduce bureaucratic barriers and simplify business procedures. This included streamlining regulations, reducing licensing requirements, and simplifying tax procedures.

3. Liberalization of Trade: Russia joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2012, which led to the reduction of trade barriers and the opening of the Russian market to international competition.

4. Currency Stabilization: The government implemented measures to stabilize the Russian currency, such as maintaining a floating exchange rate and building up foreign exchange reserves.

5. Legal Reforms: The government introduced legal reforms to protect property rights, enforce contracts, and establish a transparent legal framework for business operations.

Positive Results of the Transition to a Market Economy

The transition to a market economy in Russia has brought about several positive outcomes:

1. Increased Efficiency: The market-oriented reforms have led to increased efficiency in resource allocation, as market forces determine prices and production levels based on supply and demand.

2. Entrepreneurship and Innovation: The establishment of a market economy has encouraged entrepreneurship and innovation. Private businesses have emerged, leading to the development of new products, services, and technologies.

3. Foreign Investment: The transition to a market economy has attracted foreign investment, as international companies have seen opportunities for growth and expansion in the Russian market.

4. Integration into the Global Economy: Joining the WTO and implementing market-oriented policies has facilitated Russia's integration into the global economy, allowing for increased trade and economic cooperation with other countries.

Negative Results of the Transition to a Market Economy

However, the transition to a market economy in Russia has also had some negative consequences:

1. Income Inequality: The privatization of state-owned enterprises and the rise of oligarchs have contributed to income inequality in Russia. The wealth gap between the rich and the poor has widened, leading to social tensions.

2. Economic Volatility: The transition to a market economy has exposed Russia to economic volatility, as the country became more susceptible to global economic fluctuations. This was evident during the financial crisis of 1998 and the oil price shocks in recent years.

3. Corruption and Lack of Transparency: The transition process has also been marred by corruption and a lack of transparency. Some individuals and businesses have taken advantage of the new market conditions for personal gain, leading to a perception of unfairness and a lack of trust in the system.

4. Social Dislocation: The rapid changes associated with the transition to a market economy have caused social dislocation, particularly for vulnerable groups such as pensioners and workers in declining industries. This has resulted in job losses, reduced social benefits, and increased poverty rates.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the Russian government has taken several actions to lay the foundations of a market economy. While this transition has brought about positive outcomes such as increased efficiency, entrepreneurship, and foreign investment, it has also resulted in income inequality, economic volatility, corruption, and social dislocation. It is important for the government to address these challenges and continue working towards a more inclusive and sustainable market economy that benefits all segments of society.