Question

Почему реформы александра 2 называются либеральными

Answer 1

Потому ,что реформы были очень важны для России , страна должна была выбирать по какому пути идти своему или западному , 1861 Александр 2 принял "Крестьянскую реформу " -это самая важная реформа ,отмена крепостного права ,затем была и "Судебная реформа" -позволяла как и крестьянам так и дворянству иметь право на слово , на справедливый суд , "Военная реформа " мы тогда проиграли войну ( с османами вроде или с Японией , или шла война за нашу территорию на юге) "Городская реформа " ,"Реформа печати "- свобода слова , все человек мог написать о своих взглядах и своё мнение о власти и т.д

Answer 2

Why are Alexander II's reforms called liberal?

Alexander II, also known as Alexander the Liberator, implemented a series of reforms during his reign as the Emperor of Russia from 1855 to 1881. These reforms are often referred to as liberal reforms because they aimed to modernize and liberalize various aspects of Russian society and government. Here are some key reasons why Alexander II's reforms are considered liberal:

1. Emancipation of the Serfs: One of the most significant and well-known reforms of Alexander II was the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. This reform abolished serfdom in Russia and granted personal freedoms to millions of serfs who were previously bound to the land and their landlords. The emancipation aimed to address social and economic inequalities and was seen as a step towards a more liberal society.

2. Judicial Reforms: Alexander II implemented significant judicial reforms aimed at improving the legal system and ensuring greater fairness and transparency. These reforms included the establishment of trial by jury, the introduction of a system of professional judges, and the creation of a legal code known as the Judicial Reform of 1864. These changes aimed to provide equal rights and protections for all citizens and promote the rule of law.

3. Military Reforms: Alexander II implemented military reforms aimed at modernizing the Russian army. These reforms included reducing the length of military service, improving training and discipline, and introducing new military technologies. The goal was to create a more efficient and professional military force, which was seen as a progressive and liberal approach to military affairs.

4. Educational Reforms: Alexander II implemented educational reforms aimed at expanding access to education and improving the quality of education in Russia. These reforms included the establishment of new schools and universities, the introduction of a standardized curriculum, and the promotion of scientific and technical education. The goal was to create a more educated and skilled population, which was seen as essential for the country's progress and development.

5. Local Government Reforms: Alexander II implemented local government reforms aimed at decentralizing power and giving more autonomy to local communities. These reforms included the establishment of elected local councils known as zemstvos, which were responsible for local administration and public services. The zemstvos allowed for greater citizen participation in decision-making and were seen as a step towards a more democratic and liberal system of governance.

It is important to note that while Alexander II's reforms were considered liberal in their intent, their implementation and impact were not always perfect. Some reforms faced resistance and limitations, and the overall pace of change was gradual. Nonetheless, these reforms represented a significant shift towards liberal principles and had a lasting impact on Russian society and governance.