Question

Причины Великих географических открытий в последовательности,которая соответствует их значимости ?????????

Answer 1

Люди шли открывать новые земли не ради собственного любопытства. 
На Востоке, по представлению европейцев, были несметные богатства. Импульсом к поискам морских путей на Восток стали преграды, поставленные Османской империей (Константинополь был завоеван в 1453 г., Средиземное море стало закрытым для европейцев). Поэтому стали искать обходные пути к Индии морем вокруг берегов Африки. Результатами Великих географических открытий стали расширение всемирного рынка, появление новых товаров, формирование колониальной системы. При этом центр пересечения мировых торговых путей переместился со Средиземного моря на Атлантический океан. Колонии стали рынком сбыта, поэтому средневековая цеховая организация труда была вынуждена уступить место капиталистической мануфактуре. Результат - формирование класса буржуазии.

Answer 2

The Causes of the Great Geographical Discoveries

The great geographical discoveries of the 15th and 16th centuries were driven by a combination of factors that expanded European knowledge of the world and led to significant advancements in navigation, trade, and colonization. These discoveries were made by explorers from various European countries, including Portugal, Spain, England, and the Netherlands. The following is a detailed explanation of the causes of the great geographical discoveries in the order of their significance:

1. Desire for Trade and Wealth: One of the primary motivations for the great geographical discoveries was the desire for new trade routes to Asia and the search for valuable resources. European countries wanted to bypass the Ottoman Empire, which controlled the traditional land routes to Asia, and establish direct trade relations with Asian countries. The potential for immense wealth and the opportunity to gain a competitive advantage in the lucrative spice trade were strong incentives for exploration.

2. Technological Advancements: The development of new navigational tools and techniques played a crucial role in enabling the great geographical discoveries. The invention of the compass, the astrolabe, and the quadrant, as well as improvements in shipbuilding, allowed sailors to navigate more accurately and venture further into unknown territories. These technological advancements made long-distance sea voyages more feasible and safer.

3. Curiosity and the Spirit of Adventure: Many explorers were driven by a sense of curiosity and the desire to explore the unknown. They were motivated by the prospect of discovering new lands, cultures, and natural resources. Explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan were driven by a spirit of adventure and the quest for personal glory.

4. Competition among European Powers: The great geographical discoveries were also fueled by intense competition among European powers. Countries like Portugal and Spain sought to establish their dominance and expand their territories by claiming new lands. The desire for political power and prestige drove these nations to invest in exploration and colonization.

5. Spread of Christianity: The spread of Christianity was another significant factor in the great geographical discoveries. European powers saw the exploration of new lands as an opportunity to spread Christianity and convert indigenous populations to their respective faiths. Missionaries accompanied many exploratory voyages, and the desire to spread religious influence played a role in the exploration and colonization efforts.

In conclusion, the great geographical discoveries were driven by a combination of factors, including the desire for trade and wealth, technological advancements, curiosity and the spirit of adventure, competition among European powers, and the spread of Christianity. These factors worked together to propel explorers to venture into unknown territories, leading to significant advancements in navigation, trade, and colonization.

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