Question

С помощью конкретных фактов определи и докажи, какие личные качества возобладали в иване грозном в начале 1560-х годов. представь, что в годы опричнины встретились алексей басманов и андрей курбский, - в чем каждый из них может обвинить другого и оправдать свои действия?

Answer 1

Ооо, это шикарная тема.
В 1560 г. умерла Анастасия Захарьина-Романова, первая жена Ивана Грозного, горячо им любимая, которая, к тому же, долгое время вместе с членами Избранной Рады (Курбским, Адашевым, Сильвестром и т.д.) благотворно влияла на царя, удерживала его от необдуманных жестоких поступков, направляя на путь реформ. Царь имел все основания подозревать в отравлении своей супруги ближайших к престолу людей и, будучи человеком мстительным, обрушил на них свой гнев.  "А из женою, - писал Иван IV - вы меня про что разлучили?отняли юницы моея"
В каждом соратнике, даже самом верном и проверенном годами, он видел потенциального предателя, отравителя, душегуба. В этом же 1560-м году царской немилости подвергся один из самых ярких гос. деятелей Избранной Рады - Алексей Адашев, немного времени спустя в монастыре скрылся и Сильвестр.  Подозрения в колдовстве против царицы пали вскоре на приживалку Алексея Адашева Магдалину, позднее она была казнена за то вместе с пятью сыновьями как "чаровница и Алексеева согласница"
В 1564 Курбский бежал в Литву и был объявлен изменником, но поймать его и казнить царь не смог.
В 1565 г. Иван Грозный развернул масштабную войну против "неверных" , введя в государстве опричнину. 

Answer 2

Personal Qualities of Ivan the Terrible in the Early 1560s

During the early 1560s, Ivan the Terrible, also known as Ivan IV, exhibited several personal qualities that dominated his rule. These qualities can be determined and supported by specific facts from historical sources.

Ivan the Terrible was known for his strong-willed and autocratic nature. He believed in the absolute power of the tsar and sought to consolidate his authority. One of his key qualities was his determination to centralize power and eliminate any potential threats to his rule. This led to the establishment of the Oprichnina, a state within a state, where Ivan's personal army, the Oprichniki, carried out his orders and suppressed any opposition [[1]].

Another personal quality that prevailed in Ivan the Terrible during this period was his paranoia and suspicion. He became increasingly distrustful of the nobility and suspected them of plotting against him. This led to a series of purges and executions of prominent boyars and other nobles, further consolidating his power and instilling fear among the ruling class [[2]].

Furthermore, Ivan the Terrible was known for his religious fervor and belief in divine right. He saw himself as the chosen ruler by God and believed that he had a duty to protect and defend the Orthodox Church. This religious zeal influenced his policies and actions, including the persecution of religious dissenters and the suppression of rival religious institutions [[3]].

Meeting of Alexei Basmanov and Andrei Kurbsky during the Oprichnina

During the years of the Oprichnina, it is imagined that Alexei Basmanov and Andrei Kurbsky, two prominent figures of the time, meet. Each of them can accuse the other and justify their own actions based on their perspectives and experiences.

Alexei Basmanov, a loyal supporter of Ivan the Terrible, can accuse Andrei Kurbsky of treason and betrayal. Basmanov can argue that Kurbsky, a former close ally of Ivan, defected to the Lithuanian-Polish forces and actively fought against the tsar. Basmanov can claim that Kurbsky's actions endangered the stability and security of the Russian state, making him a traitor to the nation and deserving punishment [[4]].

On the other hand, Andrei Kurbsky can justify his actions by accusing Ivan the Terrible of tyranny and cruelty. Kurbsky can argue that Ivan's oppressive policies, such as the establishment of the Oprichnina and the brutal actions of the Oprichniki, forced him to seek refuge and join the enemy. Kurbsky can claim that he fought against Ivan's autocratic rule in defense of the rights and freedoms of the Russian people [[5]].

In this hypothetical meeting, both Basmanov and Kurbsky can present their own perspectives and justifications for their actions during the tumultuous period of the Oprichnina. Their accusations and justifications would be shaped by their personal experiences, loyalties, and interpretations of the events that unfolded during Ivan the Terrible's reign.

Note: The information provided above is based on historical sources and is not a direct account of the meeting between Alexei Basmanov and Andrei Kurbsky. It is a hypothetical scenario created to explore the possible accusations and justifications that could arise from their encounter during the Oprichnina.