Question

Люди которые получали за службу государю земельный надел

Answer 1

Дворяне – это люди, получавшие за службу государюземельный надел.

Answer 2

Landowners who received land from the state in return for service

Landowners who received land from the state in return for their service, known as pomeshchiki (landowners), played an important role in Russian history. Here are some key details about them:

Pomeshchiki received land grants (pomestie) from the state in return for their military or administrative service to the tsar. The size of the land grant depended on their rank and position. For example:

- Rank I (boyars) received 50-800 desiatins of land and 100 serfs - Rank II (dvorianie) received 30-500 desiatins of land and 50 serfs - Rank III (stolniks) received 20 desiatins of land and 30 serfs - Rank IV (streltsy) received 15-300 desiatins of land and 20 serfs

The pomeshchiki formed the hereditary landowning military service nobility (sluzhiloe dvorianstvo) of the Russian Empire. They were obligated to provide military service to the state using their own weapons and horses [[13]]. Over time, many pomeshchiki also took on administrative roles in local government [[18]], [[24]]. However, their obligations to the state gradually diminished and they became a purely hereditary landowning class [[33]].

The pomeshchiki dominated rural life and serf economy in Imperial Russia. As large private landowners, they had considerable economic and administrative power over the peasants settled on their lands [[41]]. This system remained largely unchanged until the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.