Question

Помогите срочно план по параграфу составить, Вавилонский царь Хамураппи и его законы

Answer 1

792–1750 гг. до н.э. – прав­ле­ние царя Хам­му­ра­пи. Был со­здан пер­вый из­вест­ный пись­мен­ный свод за­ко­нов. Они по­лу­чи­ли на­зва­ние за­ко­ны Хам­му­ра­пи (Ко­декс Хам­му­ра­пи). За­ко­ны Хам­му­ра­пи были вы­се­че­ны на ба­заль­то­вом стол­бе. На эти за­ко­ны жи­те­ли Ва­ви­ло­нии долж­ны были ори­ен­ти­ро­вать­ся при ре­ше­нии любых спо­ров.

Ха­рак­тер­ные черты за­ко­нов Хам­му­ра­пи:

прин­цип «око за око, зуб за зуб»;нера­вен­ство перед за­ко­ном. Рабы не об­ла­да­ли теми же пра­ва­ми, что сво­бод­ные люди. За оскорб­ле­ние сво­бод­но­го че­ло­ве­ка рабу от­ре­за­ли ухо;дол­го­вое раб­ство. Че­ло­век мог по­пасть в раб­ство за долги, но срок его служ­бы Хам­му­ра­пи огра­ни­чил тремя го­да­ми. По ис­те­че­нии трёх лет долж­ник снова об­ре­тал сво­бо­ду. 

Answer 2

1) Місто Вавилон стає головним в Дворіччі;
2) Хаммурапі стверджував, що отримає владу від богів;
3) Царські закони;
4) Закони про рабів;
5) Закони про багатіїв і бідняків.

Answer 3

The Reign of Hammurabi and His Laws

The Babylonian king Hammurabi, who ruled from approximately 1792 to 1750 BCE, is known for his famous set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi. These laws were one of the earliest known legal codes in human history and played a significant role in shaping the legal systems of subsequent civilizations.

Overview of Hammurabi's Code

Hammurabi's Code consisted of 282 laws that covered a wide range of topics, including civil, criminal, and commercial matters. The code aimed to establish justice, protect the weak, and maintain social order in ancient Babylon. It was inscribed on a stele, a large stone pillar, and placed in a public location for all to see.

Key Features of Hammurabi's Code

1. Retributive Justice: Hammurabi's Code was based on the principle of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." This means that punishments were often proportional to the crimes committed. For example, if someone caused the loss of an eye, they would also lose an eye as punishment.

2. Social Hierarchy: The code recognized different social classes and prescribed different punishments based on a person's social status. The higher the social status, the more severe the punishment for the same crime.

3. Protection of Property: Hammurabi's Code placed great emphasis on protecting property rights. It included laws related to contracts, loans, and commercial transactions, ensuring fair treatment and resolving disputes.

4. Family Law: The code also addressed family matters, such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance. It provided guidelines for issues related to family relationships and property distribution.

5. Role of the State: Hammurabi's Code established the authority of the state in maintaining law and order. It emphasized the king's role as the ultimate authority and the enforcer of justice.

Significance of Hammurabi's Code

Hammurabi's Code had a lasting impact on the development of legal systems around the world. Its principles of justice, fairness, and the protection of property influenced subsequent legal codes and systems. The code also reflected the social and cultural values of ancient Babylonian society.

Conclusion

The reign of Hammurabi and his Code of Hammurabi played a crucial role in the development of legal systems. The code's emphasis on justice, protection of property, and social hierarchy influenced subsequent legal codes and systems. It remains an important historical document that provides insights into the legal and social practices of ancient Babylonian society.