Question

Сходства и различия объединения Англии и Франции

Answer 1

Я думаю так :Уже в XIII-XIV веках существенным образом меняется экономический облик западноевропейских государств. На месте прежних деревень выросли города. Вместе с ними упрочиваются торговые связи между областями всей страны. Интересы королей и городов во многом совпадали. Короли хотели единства страны. Города еще больше нуждались в нем: оно обеспечивало безопасность дорог, широкие рыночные связи, единую и полноценную монету. Короли добивались ограничения власти вассалов. Того же хотели и города. На этой основе возникает неписаный, но вполне реальный договор: города дают королям деньги и солдат, короли обеспечивают городам защиту от феодальных притеснений. 
А вот почему в Англии централизованное государство возникло раньше... Наверное, сказалось географическое положение - островное: Англия была надежно защищена в то время от вражеских нападений. А такой покой дорогого стоит! Да и феодалы здесь поубивали друг друга в войне Алой и Белой розы, некому стало королям перечить... (но это больше шутка). А вот если Францию взять, то ее же просто изувечили в ходе Столетней войны - и англичане, и свои... Раны пришлось долго залечивать! 

Answer 2

Similarities and Differences between the Unification of England and France

The unification of England and France involved significant historical events that shaped the political and cultural landscapes of both countries. While there are some similarities between the two processes, there are also notable differences. Let's explore these in more detail:

Similarities:

1. Centralization of Power: Both England and France experienced a centralization of power during their respective unification processes. In both cases, the monarchs sought to consolidate their authority and establish a strong central government.

2. Conflict and Warfare: The unification of England and France was marked by periods of conflict and warfare. In both cases, there were internal and external conflicts that played a role in shaping the unification process. For example, the Hundred Years' War between England and France had a significant impact on the unification of both countries.

Differences:

1. Timing and Duration: The unification of England and France occurred at different times and took different durations. England's unification process began with the Norman Conquest in 1066 and continued over several centuries, while France's unification process started with the Capetian dynasty in the 10th century and was largely completed by the 15th century.

2. Methods of Unification: The methods used to achieve unification in England and France were different. In England, the Norman Conquest played a crucial role in establishing a centralized monarchy, while in France, the Capetian dynasty gradually expanded its control over various regions through marriage alliances, diplomacy, and military campaigns.

3. Political Structures: The political structures that emerged after unification were different in England and France. In England, a constitutional monarchy developed, with the Magna Carta in 1215 laying the foundation for limited royal power and the establishment of representative institutions. In contrast, France developed a more centralized and absolute monarchy, with the king holding significant power.

4. Cultural and Linguistic Factors: The unification of England and France also had different impacts on cultural and linguistic factors. In England, the Norman Conquest led to the blending of Norman French and Old English, resulting in the development of Middle English. In France, the unification process contributed to the spread of the French language and the emergence of a distinct French culture.

In conclusion, while the unification of England and France involved centralization of power and periods of conflict, there are notable differences in terms of timing, methods of unification, political structures, and cultural factors. These differences reflect the unique historical contexts and trajectories of each country's unification process.