Question

Объясните причины обострения социальных противоречий в Европе в середине 19 века . Как эти противоречия были связаны с развитием капитализма ?

Answer 1

С людей требовали огромные налоги и большинство людей живший в городах пополняли ряды нищих. Люди требовали свободу равенства денег,а буржуазия требовала рабов в лице пролитериатов.
1. Резкий рост цен на продукты питания вызвали неурожайные годы (1845-1847).
2. Налоги и ростовщичество - денег у крестьян не хватало, потому что продукты питания они не могли продовать из-за неурожайных годов, они даже не знали где найти самим себе продукты, не знали за что купить продукты питания, поэтому они страдали из-за налогов.
3. Критические черты бедных слоев населения появились из-за неурожайности и угрозы голода.
Развитие капиталицизма привели к тому что пополнялись ряды безработных и нищих.

Answer 2

Social Contradictions in Europe in the Mid-19th Century

In the mid-19th century, Europe experienced an intensification of social contradictions due to various interconnected factors.

Industrialization and Urbanization: The rapid industrialization and urbanization led to significant social and economic changes. The growth of industries and cities created new social classes, such as the industrial bourgeoisie and the urban proletariat, leading to increased social stratification and inequality.

Class Struggles: The emergence of distinct social classes, particularly the working class, led to heightened class struggles. The working class faced poor working conditions, low wages, and long hours, which fueled social unrest and discontent.

Political and Economic Changes: The period also witnessed significant political and economic transformations. The rise of capitalism and the expansion of market economies brought about new forms of economic relationships and power dynamics, leading to tensions between different social groups.

Nationalism and Imperialism: The growth of nationalism and imperialism further exacerbated social contradictions. Nationalist movements and imperial expansion created competition and conflicts between nations, contributing to social and political instability.

Connection to the Development of Capitalism

The social contradictions in Europe in the mid-19th century were closely linked to the development of capitalism.

Capitalist Exploitation: The capitalist mode of production led to the exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie. The pursuit of profit and accumulation of capital often came at the expense of the working class, leading to heightened social tensions.

Commodification of Labor: Under capitalism, labor became a commodity, and workers were subjected to wage labor. This commodification of labor contributed to the alienation of the working class and deepened the divide between labor and capital.

Market Competition: The expansion of capitalist markets intensified competition among different social groups. This competition not only affected economic relations but also permeated social and political spheres, leading to conflicts and contradictions.

Inequality and Social Stratification: Capitalism brought about unequal distribution of wealth and resources, leading to social stratification and class divides. The concentration of wealth in the hands of the bourgeoisie widened the gap between the rich and the poor, fueling social unrest.

In summary, the social contradictions in Europe in the mid-19th century were driven by the profound changes brought about by industrialization, urbanization, political transformations, and the rise of capitalism. These factors contributed to heightened class struggles, social inequality, and political instability, shaping the socio-economic landscape of the time.