Question

Тема: Великая Французская Революция 1) Выделите причины и предпосылки Великой Французской Революции (ВФР) 2) Тезисная хар-ка деятелей ВФР Заранее спасибо!

Answer 1

Французская революция началась из за того , что монархия стала забирать у людей все . И народу это не нравилось и получилась французская революция )

Answer 2

Causes and Background of the French Revolution

The French Revolution was a major event that took place from 1789 to 1799 in France. It was a period of radical social and political upheaval that had a profound impact on French and European history. The revolution was driven by a combination of long-term causes and immediate triggers. Here are some of the key causes and preconditions of the French Revolution:

1. Social Inequality: One of the main causes of the French Revolution was the extreme social inequality that existed in France at the time. The society was divided into three estates, with the clergy and nobility enjoying privileges and exemptions, while the majority of the population, the Third Estate, faced heavy taxation and economic hardships [[1]].

2. Financial Crisis: France was facing a severe financial crisis due to a combination of factors, including the cost of wars, extravagant spending by the monarchy, and an inefficient tax system. The government was heavily in debt and struggled to meet its financial obligations, leading to increased taxation and economic hardship for the common people [[2]].

3. Enlightenment Ideas: The Enlightenment, a philosophical and intellectual movement that emphasized reason, individual rights, and equality, had a significant influence on the French Revolution. Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu criticized the existing social and political order and advocated for reforms [[3]].

4. Influence of the American Revolution: The success of the American Revolution against British rule inspired the French people and fueled their desire for political change. The American Revolution demonstrated that it was possible to overthrow a monarchy and establish a democratic government based on the principles of liberty and equality [[4]].

5. Political Instability: The French monarchy, under King Louis XVI, was facing a legitimacy crisis. The monarchy's authority was increasingly challenged by various political factions, and the king's weak leadership and indecisiveness further undermined the monarchy's credibility [[5]].

Key Figures of the French Revolution

The French Revolution saw the rise of several key figures who played significant roles in shaping the course of the revolution. Here are some of the notable figures:

1. Maximilien Robespierre: Robespierre was a prominent figure during the French Revolution and a leading member of the Committee of Public Safety. He was known for his radical views and played a key role in the Reign of Terror, a period of mass executions and political repression [[6]].

2. Marie Antoinette: Marie Antoinette was the queen of France and the wife of King Louis XVI. She became a symbol of the excesses and extravagance of the monarchy, which fueled public resentment towards the royal family [[7]].

3. Georges Danton: Danton was a lawyer and a key figure in the early stages of the revolution. He played a crucial role in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic. However, he was later executed during the Reign of Terror [[8]].

4. Jean-Paul Marat: Marat was a radical journalist and politician who advocated for the rights of the lower classes. He used his newspaper, "L'Ami du peuple" (The Friend of the People), to promote revolutionary ideas and incite popular support for the revolution [[9]].

5. Napoleon Bonaparte: Although not directly involved in the early stages of the revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as a military leader during the later years. He eventually seized power and became the First Consul of France, marking the end of the revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era [[10]].

These are just a few examples of the many individuals who played important roles in the French Revolution. The revolution was a complex and multifaceted event, shaped by the actions and ideas of numerous individuals and groups.