Question

Назовите причины восстания тверичей против ордынцев. Что послужило поводом к мятежу . Какова была позиция князя? Почему собралось вече? Желательно развёрнотый ответ

Answer 1

             Богатая Тверь славилась своей торговлей и была сильным совперником Москвы, а тверской князь по воле ордынского хана был поставлен старшим над другими русскими князьями. Иван Данилович - князь московский, никак не хател с этим мириться и ждал удобного случая, чтобы заслужить милость и доверие в Орде и получить самое желанное - ярлык, ханскую грамоту на великое княжение.

             В 1327 году в Твери вспыхнуло большое восстание. Гнев народа выплеснулся против ордынских сборщиков дани, которые унижали и оскорбляли тверичей, вели себя нагло и вызывающе. Не стерпев бесчинств монголов, местные жители перебили их и были готовы точно так же поступить со всеми, кого еще пришлет к ним хан. Вся Тверь поднялась против захватчиков. Раздавались призивы идти войной на Орду и покончить с ней.

            В этот момент московский князь Иван Данилович вместе с монгольским ханом привел в Тверь свое войско и учинил жестокую расправу над восставшими. После этого о нем пошла не добрая молваи ему уже не смогли на Руси простить, что пролил князь в Твери русскую кровь.

Answer 2

Causes of the Tver Uprising against the Horde

The Tver Uprising against the Horde was a significant event in medieval Russian history. It occurred in the 14th century and was driven by several key factors. The primary causes of the uprising can be attributed to the strained relationship between the Tver principality and the Mongol-Tatar Golden Horde, as well as the desire for greater autonomy and independence.

1. Strained Relationship with the Golden Horde: The Tver principality had a long history of conflicts and tensions with the Golden Horde, which was the ruling power in the region. The Mongol-Tatar rulers demanded tribute and obedience from the Russian principalities, including Tver. However, the Tver princes often resisted the Horde's authority, leading to frequent clashes and disputes.

2. Desire for Autonomy and Independence: The Tver principality, like other Russian principalities, sought to assert its independence and reduce its dependence on the Golden Horde. The Tver princes aimed to establish their own rule and expand their influence without interference from the Mongol-Tatar rulers. This desire for autonomy and independence fueled the tensions between Tver and the Horde.

3. Rivalry with Moscow: Another factor that contributed to the Tver Uprising was the rivalry between Tver and Moscow. Both principalities sought to become the dominant power in the region and gain control over other Russian territories. This rivalry intensified the conflicts between Tver and the Horde, as Moscow had closer ties with the Mongol-Tatar rulers.

Trigger for the Uprising and the Position of the Prince

The trigger for the Tver Uprising was the execution of Prince Mikhail of Tver by the Mongol-Tatar Golden Horde in 1318. This event served as a catalyst for the rebellion and led to widespread discontent among the Tver population.

1. Execution of Prince Mikhail of Tver: Prince Mikhail of Tver was accused of treason by the Horde and was subsequently executed. This act of aggression by the Mongol-Tatar rulers against the Tver prince outraged the people of Tver and fueled their desire for revenge and resistance.

2. Popular Support for the Uprising: The execution of Prince Mikhail garnered significant support from the Tver population, who saw it as an unjust act by the Horde. The people of Tver were united in their desire to avenge their prince and overthrow the Mongol-Tatar rule.

3. Position of the Tver Prince: The Tver prince, Dmitry of Tver, played a crucial role in leading the uprising against the Horde. He took a strong stance against the Mongol-Tatar rulers and rallied the support of the Tver nobility and the general population. Dmitry's leadership and determination to resist the Horde's authority were instrumental in the success of the rebellion.

The Role of the Veche

The Veche, a popular assembly of citizens, played a significant role in the Tver Uprising. It served as a platform for the people of Tver to voice their grievances, make decisions, and coordinate their resistance against the Horde.

1. Gathering of the Veche: The Veche was convened in Tver to discuss the execution of Prince Mikhail and the subsequent rebellion against the Horde. It provided a forum for the people to express their anger and frustration, as well as to plan their course of action.

2. Decision-Making and Coordination: During the Veche, important decisions were made regarding the rebellion, such as the appointment of Dmitry of Tver as the leader of the uprising. The Veche served as a democratic institution where the people had a voice in shaping the direction of the rebellion.

3. Symbol of Unity and Resistance: The Veche became a symbol of unity and resistance against the Mongol-Tatar rule. It represented the collective will of the Tver population and their determination to fight for their rights and independence.

In conclusion, the Tver Uprising against the Horde was driven by a strained relationship with the Golden Horde, the desire for autonomy and independence, and the execution of Prince Mikhail of Tver. The Tver prince, Dmitry of Tver, played a crucial role in leading the rebellion, and the Veche served as a platform for the people to voice their grievances and coordinate their resistance.