Question

Развитие (политическое,экономическое, социальное) СССР в середине 1950-60-х гг.Внешняя политика СССР в середине 1950-х-начале 60-х гг. <Оттепель> Н.С.Хрущев личность истории

Answer 1

Соц.развитие не дописала

Answer 2

Development of the USSR in the mid-1950s to 1960s

The mid-1950s to 1960s marked a period of significant development in the political, economic, and social aspects of the Soviet Union (USSR). This era saw the rise of Nikita Khrushchev as the leader of the USSR and the implementation of various reforms and policies.

Political Development: - Nikita Khrushchev became the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1953, following the death of Joseph Stalin. - Khrushchev initiated a process of de-Stalinization, denouncing Stalin's cult of personality and implementing political reforms to reduce the power of the secret police and promote a more collective leadership style. - The political atmosphere during this period was characterized by a relative thaw in censorship and a loosening of restrictions on artistic and intellectual expression, known as the "Khrushchev Thaw" or "Thaw" (Оттепель) [[1]].

Economic Development: - Khrushchev introduced a series of economic reforms aimed at modernizing and diversifying the Soviet economy. These reforms included the Virgin Lands Campaign, which aimed to increase agricultural production by cultivating previously unused land in Kazakhstan and Siberia. - The period also witnessed the development of the Soviet space program, with the successful launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, and the first manned spaceflight by Yuri Gagarin in 1961. - However, despite these achievements, the Soviet economy faced challenges, including inefficiencies, shortages, and a lack of consumer goods [[2]].

Social Development: - The period of the mid-1950s to 1960s saw significant social changes in the USSR. Khrushchev's reforms aimed to improve the living standards of Soviet citizens and address some of the excesses and injustices of the Stalin era. - Efforts were made to improve housing conditions, increase access to education, and expand social welfare programs. - The Thaw period also witnessed a cultural renaissance, with a greater emphasis on artistic freedom and experimentation in literature, cinema, and the arts [[3]].

Foreign Policy of the USSR in the mid-1950s to early 1960s

During the mid-1950s to early 1960s, the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev, pursued an active foreign policy. This period was marked by a combination of competition and cooperation with the United States and other Western powers, as well as the promotion of Soviet influence in the developing world.

Competition with the United States: - The USSR and the United States were engaged in a Cold War rivalry, characterized by ideological, political, and military competition. - The Soviet Union sought to challenge American dominance by achieving technological and military superiority. This led to the space race, with the USSR achieving several significant milestones, such as the launch of the first artificial satellite (Sputnik) and the first manned spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin). - The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was a major confrontation between the two superpowers, as the Soviet Union attempted to place nuclear missiles in Cuba, leading to a tense standoff with the United States [[4]].

Cooperation and Peaceful Coexistence: - Khrushchev also pursued a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West, advocating for a reduction in tensions and the avoidance of direct military confrontation. - This policy led to the signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963, which prohibited nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater. - Khrushchev also engaged in diplomatic efforts, such as the famous visit to the United States in 1959, where he met with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and engaged in cultural exchanges [[5]].

Promotion of Soviet Influence: - The USSR actively supported national liberation movements and socialist governments in the developing world, aiming to expand its influence and promote its ideology. - The Soviet Union provided economic and military aid to countries such as Cuba, Vietnam, and various African nations, supporting their struggles against colonialism and imperialism. - This period also witnessed the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, which symbolized the division between East and West and the Soviet Union's determination to maintain control over East Germany [[6]].

In conclusion, the mid-1950s to 1960s marked a period of significant development in the USSR, with political, economic, and social reforms implemented under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev. The foreign policy of the USSR during this time was characterized by a combination of competition and cooperation with the United States, as well as the promotion of Soviet influence in the developing world.

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