Question

Чем объяснить неудачи реформирования советской экономики в 80-х - 90-х гг.?

Answer 1

Во время перестройки установилась поли­тика «гласности». Но большинство перестроечных законов не при­несли желаемых результатов. Кроме того, Горбачев не учел всю сложность ситуации, сложившейся в республиках, что привело к распаду СССР. Начиная реформу, никто не мог предположить демонтажа политической системы, экономического коллапса. Другими словами у руля стоял не компетентный человек.

Answer 2

Reforming the Soviet Economy in the 1980s and 1990s

The failures of reforming the Soviet economy in the 1980s and 1990s can be attributed to several factors:

1. Structural Issues: The Soviet economy faced deep-rooted structural issues that hindered its ability to adapt to changing global economic conditions. These issues included inefficiencies in production, centralized planning, and a lack of market mechanisms.

2. Political Resistance: There was significant resistance to economic reform from within the Soviet political establishment. This resistance was due to vested interests in maintaining the status quo and fear of losing power and control.

3. Inadequate Reforms: The reforms implemented in the 1980s, such as Perestroika and Glasnost, were not comprehensive enough to address the systemic problems of the Soviet economy. They failed to bring about the necessary changes to make the economy more competitive and efficient.

4. External Pressures: The Soviet Union faced external pressures, including the arms race with the United States and its allies, which diverted resources away from economic development.

5. Economic Mismanagement: The economic mismanagement by the Soviet leadership, including the inability to adapt to changing global economic conditions and the failure to diversify the economy, contributed to the difficulties in reforming the economy.

6. Rapid Political Changes: The rapid political changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union, created a highly unstable environment for economic reform, making it difficult to implement and sustain any meaningful changes.

These factors collectively contributed to the challenges and failures of reforming the Soviet economy in the 1980s and 1990s.