
Итог столетний войны для Франции и для Англии


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Начало войны
Столетняя война началась как династический конфликт: король Англии Эдуард III, внук по материнской линии короля Франции Филиппа IV, выдвинул свои права на французский престол, оспаривая законность правления короля Франции Филиппа VI, племянника Филиппа IV по мужской линии. Конфликт осложнялся претензиями на Гиень, герцогство на территории Франции, подвассальное французской короне, но принадлежавшее английским королям.
Окончание войны и ее итоги
Последняя дата считается концом Столетней войны, хотя мирный договор был подписан лишь в 1475, а последний оплот англичан во Франции — Кале — был отвоеван французами лишь в 1558.
Столетняя война, начавшаяся как борьба за престол между родственными династиями, превратилась в межнациональный конфликт, в котором приняли участие все слои населения. В этой войне сложились представления о национальном государстве, произошел переход от рыцарской войны, ведшейся силами



The Hundred Years' War: Impact on France and England
The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between France and England that lasted from 1337 to 1453. It had a significant impact on both countries, shaping their political, social, and economic landscapes. Let's explore the outcomes of the war for France and England in more detail.
Impact on France: 1. Territorial Losses: France suffered significant territorial losses during the early stages of the war. England gained control over large parts of northern France, including Normandy, Aquitaine, and Calais. 2. Internal Conflicts: The war exacerbated existing internal conflicts within France. The French nobility, divided by rival factions, often prioritized their own interests over the defense of the kingdom. 3. National Identity: The war played a crucial role in shaping French national identity. The French people rallied around the idea of defending their homeland against the English invaders, fostering a sense of unity and patriotism. 4. Military Reforms: The war prompted France to undertake military reforms. King Charles VII established a standing army and introduced new tactics, such as the use of artillery, to counter the English longbowmen. 5. Joan of Arc: One of the most iconic figures of the war was Joan of Arc, a young French peasant girl who claimed to have received divine guidance. Her leadership and military victories boosted French morale and contributed to the eventual French victory.
Impact on England: 1. Financial Strain: The war placed a significant financial burden on England. The cost of maintaining armies and conducting military campaigns depleted the royal treasury and led to increased taxation. 2. Political Instability: The war contributed to political instability in England. The conflict between the monarchy and the nobility over war policies and funding led to power struggles and even civil unrest. 3. Decline of Feudalism: The war accelerated the decline of feudalism in England. The need for a professional army led to the rise of a centralized monarchy and the strengthening of royal authority at the expense of the nobility. 4. Technological Advances: The war spurred technological advances in England. The English longbow, a powerful weapon that played a crucial role in their early victories, became a symbol of English military prowess. 5. Cultural Exchange: The war facilitated cultural exchange between England and France. English soldiers and nobles who spent time in France were exposed to French art, literature, and culture, which influenced the English Renaissance.
It is important to note that the Hundred Years' War had complex and multifaceted consequences for both France and England. The war's impact extended beyond the points mentioned above, affecting various aspects of society, politics, and culture in both countries.


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