Question

Порагроф 11 основные напровления общественно политической мысли 19 века

Answer 1

Советую тебе сначала над учебником русского языка посидеть;)

Answer 2

Main Directions of Socio-Political Thought in the 19th Century

In the 19th century, there were several main directions of socio-political thought that influenced the course of history and the development of societies.

1. Liberalism: - Liberalism was a dominant socio-political ideology in the 19th century, emphasizing individual rights, freedom, and limited government intervention in the economy and society. - Liberal thinkers such as John Stuart Mill and Adam Smith advocated for free markets, civil liberties, and representative democracy.

2. Conservatism: - Conservative thought in the 19th century emphasized tradition, hierarchy, and the preservation of established institutions. - Prominent conservative figures like Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre defended the existing social order and were critical of rapid societal changes.

3. Socialism: - The 19th century saw the rise of socialist thought, which critiqued the inequalities and injustices of industrial capitalism. - Influential socialist thinkers like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels advocated for the abolition of private property, the establishment of a classless society, and the empowerment of the working class.

4. Nationalism: - Nationalism emerged as a powerful force in the 19th century, promoting the idea of a shared national identity and the right to self-determination for distinct cultural or ethnic groups. - Nationalist movements and thinkers, such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, played significant roles in the unification of Italy and Germany.

5. Feminism: - The 19th century also witnessed the growth of feminist thought, advocating for women's rights, suffrage, and gender equality. - Influential feminist figures like Mary Wollstonecraft and Susan B. Anthony challenged traditional gender roles and fought for legal and social reforms to improve the status of women.

These main directions of socio-political thought in the 19th century had a profound impact on the shaping of modern societies and continue to influence political discourse and ideology to this day.