Question

Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на запитання, скориставшись наведеним планом.Що обумовило розвиток цивілізації в долині Інду? 1) Коли виникли перші землеробські поселення в гірських районах Індської долини? 2) Як вплинули географічні умови на життя людей у долині Інду? 3) Що свідчить про високий рівень розвитку цивілізації в долині Інду? Помогите пж

Answer 1

Development of Civilization in the Indus Valley

The development of civilization in the Indus Valley was influenced by various factors, including the emergence of agricultural settlements, the impact of geographical conditions, and the evidence of advanced civilization in the region.

1) Emergence of Agricultural Settlements in the Mountainous Regions of the Indus Valley

The first agricultural settlements in the mountainous regions of the Indus Valley are believed to have emerged around 7000 BCE. These settlements were characterized by the cultivation of crops such as wheat, barley, and peas. The people of the Indus Valley developed sophisticated agricultural techniques, including the use of irrigation systems to support their farming activities [[1]].

2) Influence of Geographical Conditions on Life in the Indus Valley

The geographical conditions of the Indus Valley played a significant role in shaping the lives of its inhabitants. The region was blessed with fertile soil, thanks to the annual flooding of the Indus River. This flooding provided a reliable water source for irrigation, which allowed for the cultivation of crops and the development of agricultural settlements.

The Indus Valley was also strategically located, with access to important trade routes. This facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas with neighboring regions, contributing to the growth and development of the civilization in the Indus Valley.

3) Evidence of Advanced Civilization in the Indus Valley

The Indus Valley civilization, also known as the Harappan civilization, is considered one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world. It flourished from approximately 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. The civilization was characterized by well-planned cities, advanced infrastructure, and a sophisticated system of writing.

The cities of the Indus Valley, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, were meticulously planned, with grid-like street patterns, well-constructed houses, and public buildings. The presence of a centralized authority is suggested by the uniformity of city layouts and the standardization of weights and measures.

The Indus Valley civilization also had an advanced system of sanitation, with well-designed drainage systems and public baths. This indicates a high level of urban planning and engineering skills.

The discovery of seals with inscriptions suggests the existence of a writing system in the Indus Valley civilization. However, the script has not yet been deciphered, making it difficult to fully understand the extent of their knowledge and communication systems.

In conclusion, the development of civilization in the Indus Valley was influenced by the emergence of agricultural settlements, the geographical conditions of the region, and the evidence of advanced urban planning and infrastructure. These factors contributed to the growth and prosperity of the Indus Valley civilization, making it one of the most remarkable ancient civilizations in history.

[[1]] Source: [Ancient History Encyclopedia - Indus Valley Civilization](https://www.ancient.eu/Indus_Valley_Civilization/)