Question

Назовите причины депортаций cсср в казахстане​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Сложившаяся к концу 30-х началу 40-х годов XX в. в бывшем Советском Союзе политическая система характеризовалась сращиванием партийного и государственного аппаратов, утверждением административно-командных методов управления всеми сферами общественной жизни. Администра­тивно-командная система, культ личности Сталина наложили глубокий отпечаток на развитие совет­ского общества. Нужно отметить, что составной частью политического развития СССР в годы Вели­кой Отечественной войны являлась национальная политика Коммунистической партии и Советского государства.

Обычно историю выселения и депортации народов, в одночасье ставших неугодными, связыва­ют с войной. Однако такая трактовка не раскрывает сути проблемы. Ибо выселение людей различных классов, социальных групп и сословий, национальных меньшинств и этнических групп практикова­лось еще задолго до войны.

Какие причины стоят за беспрецендентным фактом массовой депортации народов? Этот вопрос задается уже не один десяток лет, но исчерпывающего ответа на него не существует и поныне. Офи­циальная версия выселения сводится к тому, что представители этих народов во время военных дей­ствий якобы активно сотрудничали с гитлеровскими захватчиками, развернули в тылу наших войск бандитско-повстанческское движение и т.д. [1; 80].

Обстоятельный и непредвзятый анализ этих событий дает основание не согласиться с подобны­ми утверждениями. Если касаться конкретно Чечено-Ингушетии, операция по выселению была хорошо законспирирована, а население введено в заблуждение. Было принято для отвода глаз специ­альное решение СНК и Чечено-Ингушского обкома ВКП (б) «Об обеспечении подготовки тактиче­ских учений войсковых частей Северо-Кавказского военного округа (СКВО) в горных условиях» [2; 52].

Answer 2

Reasons for Deportations in the USSR to Kazakhstan

The Soviet Union carried out numerous deportations to Kazakhstan for various reasons. Here are some of the key factors that led to these deportations:

1. Ethnic Cleansing and Repression: - One of the major reasons for deportations in the USSR was the policy of ethnic cleansing and repression. The Soviet government targeted certain ethnic groups, particularly those considered to be a threat or disloyal to the regime. - The most significant deportation was the forced relocation of various ethnic groups during World War II. Stalin's regime suspected these groups of collaborating with the enemy or being potential traitors. As a result, millions of people were forcibly relocated to Kazakhstan and other remote areas of the Soviet Union.

2. Political Repression: - The Soviet regime also targeted political dissidents, intellectuals, and individuals who were perceived as a threat to the government. These individuals were often deported to remote regions, including Kazakhstan, as a means of isolating and suppressing them. - The Great Purge of the 1930s, led by Joseph Stalin, resulted in the deportation of a significant number of people who were deemed enemies of the state. Many of these individuals were sent to labor camps or remote settlements in Kazakhstan.

3. National Security Concerns: - The Soviet government viewed certain regions and populations as potential security risks. As a result, entire communities were uprooted and relocated to Kazakhstan to ensure tighter control and surveillance. - This was particularly evident during World War II when the Soviet government deported entire ethnic groups, such as the Crimean Tatars, Chechens, Ingush, and others, to Kazakhstan. These deportations were carried out under the pretext of national security concerns.

4. Economic and Industrial Development: - Deportations were also driven by the Soviet Union's economic and industrial development plans. The government aimed to exploit the vast natural resources of Kazakhstan and other regions, and therefore, forcibly relocated people to work in mines, factories, and agricultural projects. - The Soviet government often targeted specific ethnic groups, such as the Volga Germans, who were known for their agricultural skills. They were deported to Kazakhstan to develop and cultivate the land.

5. War and Military Considerations: - During times of war, the Soviet government carried out deportations for military reasons. This included relocating entire populations away from potential conflict zones or areas that were vulnerable to enemy attacks. - For example, during World War II, the Soviet government deported the entire population of the Kuril Islands to Kazakhstan to protect them from Japanese invasion.

These are some of the main reasons for deportations in the USSR to Kazakhstan. It is important to note that these deportations had a significant impact on the lives and identities of the deported individuals and their descendants, as well as on the demographic composition of Kazakhstan.