Question

Какие изменения произошли в Греции в VII-VI до н.э?

Answer 1

Ответ:

В VIII–VI вв. до н. э. древняя Греция переживает экономический подъем. Этот процесс связан с колонизацией, способствовавшей восприятию греками у других народов лучших достижений технической мысли, заимствованию эффективных ремесленных приемов. После нескольких веков изоляции греческая культура была открыта новым веяниям цивилизации, в первую очередь с Востока. От финикийцев было заимствовано алфавитное письмо и переработано в среде древних греков. Напомним, что это положило начало современным алфавитам (в том числе и русскому).

Наиболее важным был заимствованный из Финикии или Сирии секрет изготовления стеклянной массы из песка. Кроме того, греки научились у соседей добыче пурпурной краски из раковин моллюсков. Астрономия и геометрия развивались под влиянием Египта и Вавилона. Лидийская чеканка денег также была воспринята греками в архаический период. Указанные элементы чужих культур творчески переработанные греками, стали органической частью автохтонной культуры. Взаимовлияния с другими культурами позволили развиваться личной инициативе, творческим способностям личности.

В VII в. до н. э. Главк из Хиоса, изобрел способы спайки железа. Появляется бронзовое литье. Ремесленники, совершенствуя инвентарь своих мастерских и обработку металлов, способствовали началу добычи железной и медной руды в самой Греции: медь — в рудниках на Эвбее, железо — в Лаконике и др. Чернофигурные вазы и сосуды донесли до нас изображения ремесленного инструментария: для кузнечного дела служили меха, молот, клещи; столярное ремесло требовало топора, пилы, молотков, резака, стамески, линейки, отвеса, циркуля.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Changes in Greece in the 7th-6th centuries BCE

During the 7th-6th centuries BCE, Greece underwent significant changes in various aspects of its society, politics, and culture. Here are some key changes that occurred during this period:

1. Archaic Period: The 7th-6th centuries BCE in Greece are commonly referred to as the Archaic Period. This period marked the transition from the Dark Ages to the rise of city-states and the development of a more complex society.

2. Colonization: One significant change during this period was the Greek colonization of various regions around the Mediterranean. Greek city-states established colonies in places like Sicily, Southern Italy, the Black Sea region, and North Africa. These colonies played a crucial role in spreading Greek culture, trade, and influence.

3. Political Developments: The political landscape of Greece also underwent changes during this period. The city-state, or polis, emerged as the dominant political unit. City-states like Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes became powerful entities with their own governments, laws, and military forces.

4. Tyranny: Another notable development was the rise of tyrants in some Greek city-states. Tyrants were rulers who seized power by force and ruled with absolute authority. While some tyrants were oppressive, others implemented reforms and brought stability to their cities.

5. Social and Economic Changes: The Archaic Period also witnessed changes in social and economic structures. The emergence of a money-based economy and the growth of trade led to the rise of a merchant class. The aristocracy, composed of wealthy landowners, continued to hold significant power, but the middle class gained influence as well.

6. Cultural Advancements: The 7th-6th centuries BCE were also a time of cultural advancements in Greece. The development of the Greek alphabet by the Phoenicians revolutionized communication and literacy. The Olympic Games, held in Olympia, began during this period and became a significant cultural and athletic event.

7. Art and Architecture: Greek art and architecture flourished during the Archaic Period. The construction of monumental temples, such as the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus and the Temple of Hera at Olympia, showcased the architectural achievements of the time. Sculpture also experienced significant advancements, with the development of the kouros and kore statues.

It's important to note that these changes were not uniform throughout Greece, and different city-states experienced them to varying degrees. Additionally, the sources provided do not offer specific details on the changes in Greece during the 7th-6th centuries BCE. However, the information presented is based on general knowledge of this historical period.