Question

в чем заключалась главная идея просвещенного абсолютизма как понимала сама Екатерина 2 сущность . назовите основные мероприятия​

Answer 1

Ответ:

В концепции просвещённого абсолютизма, главной идеей является понимание монарха (царя, императора) собственной ответственности за всех подданных, без исключения для каких-то сословий или классов. Подданные же, в свою очередь, должны оценить такое поведение государя и всячески способствовать его начинаниям.

Ключевые элементы политики просвещенного абсолютизма Екатерины Второй:  

Обеспечение повышения уровня жизни граждан – развитие медицины, науки, различных искусств, внедрение новых технологий.

Увеличение грамотности – развитие и популяризация общественного образования.

Передача части управленческих функций представителям общества — введение выборности судейских и административных должностей.

Экономический либерализм – снижение налогов, отмена монопольных прав лиц или организаций на добычу, производство и торговлю какими-либо товарами и ресурсами.

Равенство перед законом – одинаковые наказания и поощрения для всех граждан, вне зависимости от сословного происхождения, наличия связей или занимаемой должности.

Answer 2

The Main Idea of Enlightened Absolutism and Catherine the Great's Understanding

The main idea of Enlightened Absolutism was to combine the principles of the Enlightenment with the absolute power of the monarch. It aimed to promote social progress, religious tolerance, and administrative reforms while maintaining the authority of the ruler. Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796, embraced the concept of Enlightened Absolutism and implemented several measures to modernize and reform Russia.

Catherine the Great believed in the importance of education and enlightenment. She corresponded with prominent Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire and Diderot, and sought their advice on governance and reforms. She saw herself as an enlightened ruler who could bring progress and prosperity to her country.

Catherine's understanding of the essence of Enlightened Absolutism can be seen in her policies and actions. She implemented various reforms in areas such as education, law, and administration. She established schools and universities, promoted the arts and sciences, and encouraged the translation of foreign literature into Russian. Catherine also introduced legal reforms, including the establishment of a new legal code, known as the "Nakaz," which aimed to modernize and simplify the Russian legal system.

Main Measures Implemented by Catherine the Great

1. Educational Reforms: Catherine the Great focused on improving education in Russia. She established the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens in St. Petersburg, which provided education for girls from noble families. She also founded the Russian Academy of Sciences and supported the development of education at all levels.

2. Legal Reforms: Catherine introduced significant legal reforms to modernize the Russian legal system. The most notable reform was the creation of the "Nakaz," a new legal code that aimed to simplify and rationalize the laws. The code emphasized principles of justice, equality, and human rights.

3. Administrative Reforms: Catherine implemented administrative reforms to improve governance and efficiency. She divided Russia into provinces and appointed governors to oversee local administration. She also introduced measures to combat corruption and improve the efficiency of the bureaucracy.

4. Economic Reforms: Catherine implemented economic reforms to stimulate economic growth and development. She encouraged foreign investment, promoted trade, and supported the development of industries. She also introduced measures to improve agricultural productivity and land ownership.

5. Expansion of Territory: Catherine the Great pursued an expansionist policy and successfully expanded the Russian Empire's territory. She annexed Crimea, Belarus, and parts of Poland, among other territories, during her reign.

These are some of the main measures implemented by Catherine the Great as part of her vision of Enlightened Absolutism. Her reign marked a period of significant reforms and modernization in Russia.