Question

ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА СРОЧНО!! Які досягнення мала наука доби еллінізму?

Answer 1

Ответ:

За доби еллінізму з’являються скульптурні портрети, які передавали індивідуальні риси, статуї старих і дітей. Прикладом таких творів є портрет Александра Македонського роботи Лісіппа, статуя хлопчика з гусаком скульптора Боефа. Скульптори доби еллінізму навчилися втілювати душевні переживання людей. Про це свідчить скульптурна група «Лаокоон та його сини» роботи родоських скульпторів. Лаокоон у грецькій міфології - жрець Аполлона в Трої. Під час Троянської війни цей звитяжець застерігав троянців не заносити в місто дерев’яного коня. Добу еллінізму вважають добою розквіту науки. Відомими вченими були Евклід з Александрії, автор математичної енциклопедії, та Архімед із Сиракуз - засновник кількох розділів фізики.

Answer 2

Achievements of Science in the Hellenistic Era

The Hellenistic era, which spanned from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, was a period of significant scientific advancements. During this time, scholars and scientists in the Hellenistic world made notable achievements in various fields of science. Here are some of the key achievements of science in the Hellenistic era:

1. Mathematics and Geometry: - Euclid, a Greek mathematician, wrote "Elements," a comprehensive treatise on mathematics and geometry. It became the standard textbook for these subjects for over 2,000 years [[1]]. - Archimedes, another Greek mathematician, made significant contributions to the field of mathematics, including the development of calculus and the calculation of pi. He also formulated the principles of buoyancy and lever mechanics [[2]].

2. Astronomy: - Aristarchus of Samos proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, suggesting that the Earth revolves around the Sun. This idea was revolutionary at the time and laid the foundation for modern astronomy [[3]]. - Hipparchus, a Greek astronomer, developed a comprehensive system for predicting the positions of celestial bodies. He also created the first known star catalog, which included the brightness and location of over 1,000 stars [[4]].

3. Medicine: - Herophilus and Erasistratus, two Greek physicians, made significant contributions to the field of medicine during the Hellenistic era. They conducted detailed anatomical studies and made important discoveries about the human body, including the nervous system and the circulatory system [[5]]. - The Greek physician Galen, who lived during the Roman period but was influenced by Hellenistic medicine, made significant advancements in the understanding of anatomy and physiology. His works became the foundation of medical knowledge for centuries [[6]].

4. Engineering and Technology: - The Hellenistic period saw advancements in engineering and technology, particularly in the construction of large-scale structures. The most famous example is the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which was built during this time [[7]]. - Hellenistic engineers also developed new techniques for constructing war machines, such as catapults and siege engines, which played a crucial role in ancient warfare [[8]].

5. Philosophy and Science Integration: - During the Hellenistic era, there was a strong integration of philosophy and science. Scholars like Aristotle and his followers emphasized the importance of observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning in understanding the natural world [[9]]. - This integration of philosophy and science laid the groundwork for the scientific method, which became a fundamental approach to scientific inquiry in subsequent centuries.

These are just a few examples of the achievements of science in the Hellenistic era. The scholars and scientists of this time made significant contributions to various fields, leaving a lasting impact on the development of science and knowledge.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions.