Question

Почему политика «перестройки» потерпела крах?

Answer 1

Ответ:

хз что писать

Объяснение:

1.Отсутствие продуманного плана по улучшению экономики

2.Негативные результаты экономических реформ и падение уровня жизни населения,сосредоточение экономики на ВПК

3.Идеологический крах.(Экономические преобразования внутри СССР во второй половине восьмидесятых годов и сближение с капиталическими странами).

Answer 2

The Collapse of the "Perestroika" Policy

The policy of "perestroika" implemented by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the 1980s aimed to reform and restructure the country's political and economic systems. However, the policy ultimately faced a significant collapse. Several factors contributed to the failure of "perestroika":

1. Economic Challenges: The Soviet economy was plagued by inefficiency, corruption, and a lack of innovation. The attempts to introduce market-oriented reforms and decentralization faced resistance from entrenched interests and bureaucratic obstacles. The transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-based system proved to be extremely challenging and led to economic instability and hardships for many people.

2. Nationalist Movements: The policy of "perestroika" inadvertently unleashed nationalist sentiments and demands for greater autonomy among various Soviet republics. These movements, such as the Baltic independence movements, the rise of nationalism in Ukraine, and the push for independence in the Caucasus, posed a significant challenge to the unity and stability of the Soviet Union.

3. Political Opposition: Gorbachev's reforms faced opposition from conservative elements within the Communist Party and the Soviet establishment. These groups were resistant to change and feared the loss of their privileges and power. The opposition to "perestroika" was particularly strong among hardliners who believed that the reforms were undermining the socialist system and weakening the Soviet Union.

4. Socioeconomic Discontent: The economic hardships and uncertainties caused by the reforms led to widespread discontent among the population. Inflation, shortages of essential goods, and declining living standards eroded public support for "perestroika." The lack of tangible improvements in people's lives undermined the credibility of the reform process.

5. Geopolitical Factors: The changing international landscape, including the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, had a profound impact on the Soviet Union. The loss of influence in Eastern Europe and the erosion of the Soviet Union's superpower status weakened the legitimacy of the Soviet regime and further undermined support for "perestroika".

In conclusion, the policy of "perestroika" collapsed due to a combination of economic challenges, nationalist movements, political opposition, socioeconomic discontent, and geopolitical factors. These factors created a perfect storm that ultimately led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the failure of Gorbachev's reform efforts.