Question

Какие меры предпринял Петр I с целью повышения роли дворянства в управлении страной?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Во-первых, Петр ввёл т. н. "указ о единонаследии", где только ОДИН ребёнок в семье мог наследовать всё имение и хозяйство родителя. Этот принцип был отменём при Анне Иоанновне в 1730 или 1731 г. (точно не помню)

Во-вторых, дворяне должны были получать образование. Но парадокс заключался в том, что родители боялись отдавать ребёнка учиться. Именно поэтому "недорослям" (т. е. детей дворян, которые не имели образования) было запрещено жениться. С ходом времени появились "шляхетсие корпуса", которые получили популярность при Анне Иоанновне и Елизавете Петровне.

В-третьих, дворянство можно было получить по мере ранга по Табелю о рангах. Т. е. чтобы заслужить дворянский титутл нужно было либо состоять на военой службе, либо на гражданской

Answer 2

Measures taken by Peter the Great to enhance the role of the nobility in governing the country

Peter the Great, also known as Peter I, implemented several measures aimed at increasing the role of the nobility in the governance of Russia. These measures were part of his broader efforts to modernize and westernize the country. Here are some of the key measures taken by Peter the Great:

1. Table of Ranks: Peter the Great introduced the Table of Ranks in 1722, which established a system of social and military ranks for the nobility. This system provided opportunities for advancement based on merit and service to the state, rather than solely on birthright. The Table of Ranks allowed individuals from non-noble backgrounds to rise through the ranks and attain positions of power and influence.

2. Westernization of the Nobility: Peter the Great encouraged the nobility to adopt Western customs, manners, and dress. He required the nobles to shave their beards and wear Western-style clothing, which symbolized their adherence to the modernization efforts. This cultural transformation aimed to align the Russian nobility with the European nobility and enhance their role in European affairs.

3. Military Service: Peter the Great emphasized the importance of military service for the nobility. He established the principle of compulsory military service for the nobles, known as the "Service Nobility." This requirement ensured that the nobility had a direct role in defending and governing the country. Military service became a prerequisite for holding high-ranking positions in the government and administration.

4. Administrative Reforms: Peter the Great reformed the administrative structure of the country to involve the nobility more actively in governance. He created new administrative bodies, such as the Senate and the Governing Senate, where nobles held key positions. These institutions played a crucial role in decision-making and policy formulation, giving the nobility a voice in the affairs of the state.

5. Education and Training: Peter the Great established educational institutions, such as the School of Mathematics and Navigation, to provide the nobility with the necessary skills and knowledge for effective governance. These institutions focused on subjects like science, technology, and navigation, which were essential for the modernization of Russia. By promoting education among the nobility, Peter aimed to enhance their capacity to contribute to the development of the country.

6. Land Grants and Privileges: Peter the Great granted vast estates and privileges to the nobility as a means of securing their loyalty and support. The nobles received land grants, known as "pomestie," which provided them with a stable source of income and influence. These privileges further elevated the status and power of the nobility in Russian society.

In summary, Peter the Great implemented various measures to increase the role of the nobility in governing Russia. These measures included the establishment of the Table of Ranks, the promotion of Westernization, compulsory military service, administrative reforms, educational initiatives, and the granting of land and privileges to the nobility. These efforts aimed to modernize the country and align the Russian nobility with their European counterparts.

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