Question

о ознакомимся с завер- шением колонизации Индии и деятельностью Ост-Индской компании; узнаем о нацио- нально-освободи- о о тельном движении В Индии в 1857—1859 гг.; выясним, какие изме- нения произошли в общественной жизни Индии во второй поло- вине XIX в.​

Answer 1

Объяснение:

Во второй половине XIX века Индия была завоёвана Ост-Индской компанией и стала предметом английского владычества. Национально-освободительное движение в Индии развивалось в 1857—1859 гг., во время индийской войны за независимость. Это движение привело к появлению ряда общественно-политических преобразований в структуре общества. Колониальные правительства начали разрабатывать локальные законы для достижения социального и материального благополучия индийских жителей. Основные последствия движения были отмечены в социальных преобразованиях, касающихся усовершенствования системы образования и улучшение предоставления социальных пособий бедным слоям.

Answer 2

The End of British Colonial Rule in India and the Role of the East India Company

The colonization of India by the British began in the early 17th century with the establishment of the East India Company. The East India Company was a British trading company that gradually expanded its influence and control over various parts of India. However, by the mid-19th century, the company's rule faced significant challenges, leading to the end of its colonization of India.

The Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-1859: One of the major events that marked the beginning of the end of British colonial rule in India was the Sepoy Rebellion, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or the First War of Independence. The rebellion was a widespread uprising against British rule, led by Indian soldiers in the British East India Company's army, known as sepoys.

The rebellion had various causes, including the introduction of new rifles that required soldiers to bite off the ends of cartridges greased with animal fat, which offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. Additionally, there were grievances related to economic exploitation, cultural imperialism, and the erosion of traditional Indian institutions.

The rebellion began in Meerut in May 1857 and quickly spread to other parts of India. It was a violent and bloody conflict that lasted for about two years. The British eventually suppressed the rebellion, but it had a profound impact on British policies in India.

Changes in Indian Society in the Late 19th Century: The events of the Sepoy Rebellion led to significant changes in British policies and attitudes towards India. The British government abolished the East India Company and took direct control over India, establishing the British Raj in 1858. The British Raj refers to the period of British rule in India from 1858 to 1947.

Under the British Raj, India experienced various social, economic, and political changes. Here are some key developments:

1. Social Reforms: The British introduced social reforms aimed at eradicating social evils such as sati (the practice of widows self-immolating on their husband's funeral pyre), child marriage, and female infanticide. They also promoted education and modernization.

2. Infrastructure Development: The British invested in the development of infrastructure, including railways, telegraph lines, and irrigation systems. These developments facilitated trade, communication, and transportation within India.

3. Economic Exploitation: The British implemented policies that favored British industries and trade, leading to the exploitation of Indian resources and markets. This resulted in economic disparities and the impoverishment of many Indians.

4. Nationalist Movements: The late 19th century saw the emergence of nationalist movements in India, as Indians began to demand self-rule and independence from British colonial rule. Prominent leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru played crucial roles in mobilizing the masses and advocating for independence.

Conclusion: The colonization of India by the British East India Company came to an end in the mid-19th century, primarily due to the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-1859. This rebellion led to the transfer of power from the East India Company to the British government, which established the British Raj in India. The late 19th century witnessed significant changes in Indian society, including social reforms, infrastructure development, economic exploitation, and the rise of nationalist movements. These developments set the stage for India's eventual independence in 1947.