Question

Помогите пожалуйста,формационные и цивилизационные подходы к истории развития общества и экономики

Answer 1

Цивилизационный подход подразумевает под собой изучение каждой цивилизации обособленно, со своим уникальным путем развития, уникальной культурой и т.д. Главный недостаток этого подхода - невозможность проследить закономерности.
Формационный подход был разработан Карлом Марксом. Главный критерий периодизации - экономическое развитие и типы общественного производства.
Периодизация истории по К.Марксу:
1.Первобытно-общинная формация (равенство)
2.Рабовладельческая формация (наличие рабов)
3.Феодальная формация/Средние века (крестьяне и феодалы)
4.Капиталистическая формация (наемные рабочие)
5.Коммунистическая формация (утопическая)

Answer 2

Formational and Civilizational Approaches to the Development of Society and Economy

When examining the history of the development of society and economy, two main approaches are often considered: the formational approach and the civilizational approach.

Formational Approach: The formational approach focuses on the internal development of societies and economies. It emphasizes the role of internal factors such as economic structures, class relations, and technological advancements in shaping historical development. According to this approach, the evolution of societies and economies is primarily driven by internal dynamics rather than external influences.

Civilizational Approach: On the other hand, the civilizational approach emphasizes the role of external influences and interactions in shaping the development of societies and economies. It highlights the impact of cultural exchange, trade, conquests, and interactions between different civilizations on historical development. This approach often considers the broader context of global or regional interactions and their influence on the development of societies and economies.

Comparison: While the formational approach focuses on internal factors such as economic structures and technological advancements, the civilizational approach emphasizes external influences and interactions between different societies and civilizations. Both approaches offer valuable perspectives on the complex processes that have shaped the historical development of societies and economies.

In summary, the formational and civilizational approaches provide distinct lenses through which to analyze the historical development of society and economy, with the former emphasizing internal dynamics and the latter highlighting external influences and interactions.