Question

Українські території як вузол протиріч між Російською та Османською імперіями. Становище Кримського ханства і його анексія Російською імперією. Імперська політика Росії щодо Півдня України. СКЛАСТИ хронологію подій​

Answer 1

Ответ: 1783 - анексія Кримського ханства Російською імперією

Answer 2

Ukrainian Territories as a Flashpoint between the Russian and Ottoman Empires

The Ukrainian territories played a significant role as a flashpoint between the Russian and Ottoman Empires. The region's strategic location and rich resources made it a coveted area for both empires. The tensions and conflicts between these two powers over control of the Ukrainian territories led to a series of events that shaped the region's history. Let's explore the chronology of these events:

1. Late 15th Century: The Crimean Khanate, a state ruled by the Crimean Tatars, emerged as a significant power in the region. The Khanate controlled the Crimean Peninsula and parts of southern Ukraine, including the city of Kyiv.

2. Late 17th Century: The Russian Empire, under the rule of Peter the Great, began expanding its influence in the region. The Russian Empire sought to gain control over the Ukrainian territories to secure access to the Black Sea and establish a foothold in the region.

3. 18th Century: The Russo-Turkish Wars (1768-1774 and 1787-1792) were fought between the Russian and Ottoman Empires over control of the Ukrainian territories. These wars resulted in territorial changes, with the Russian Empire gaining control over parts of southern Ukraine, including the Crimean Peninsula.

4. 1783: The Russian Empire officially annexed the Crimean Khanate, bringing it under Russian control. This move was seen as a significant expansion of Russian influence in the region.

5. 19th Century: The Russian Empire continued its imperial policies in the Ukrainian territories, implementing a series of measures aimed at Russification and suppressing Ukrainian culture and identity. These policies included restrictions on the use of the Ukrainian language and the promotion of Russian culture and education.

6. 1853-1856: The Crimean War erupted, primarily as a result of the Russian Empire's expansionist policies and its desire to control the Ottoman Empire's territories, including the Ukrainian territories. The war involved multiple European powers and resulted in the defeat of the Russian Empire.

7. 1861: The Emancipation Reform in the Russian Empire abolished serfdom, which had a significant impact on the Ukrainian territories. The reform aimed to modernize the Russian Empire but also led to increased tensions between the Russian and Ukrainian populations.

8. Late 19th Century: The Ukrainian national movement gained momentum, with intellectuals and activists advocating for Ukrainian cultural and political rights. This movement aimed to preserve and promote Ukrainian identity in the face of Russian imperial policies.

9. Early 20th Century: The Ukrainian territories became a battleground during the Russian Revolution and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Various factions, including the Bolsheviks, Ukrainian nationalists, and foreign intervention forces, fought for control over the region.

10. 1917-1921: The Ukrainian War of Independence took place, with Ukrainian nationalists seeking to establish an independent Ukrainian state. The conflict involved clashes with both Russian and Polish forces and resulted in the establishment of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic.

11. 1922: The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union.

12. 1939: The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany included a secret protocol that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence. As a result, the Soviet Union annexed western parts of Ukraine, including the city of Lviv.

13. 1941-1944: During World War II, the Ukrainian territories became a battleground between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The region suffered significant devastation and loss of life.

14. 1991: Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine declared its independence and became a sovereign state.

Imperial Russian Policies towards Southern Ukraine

Imperial Russia pursued various policies towards southern Ukraine, aiming to consolidate its control over the region. These policies included:

- Expansionist Goals: The Russian Empire sought to expand its influence and control over the Ukrainian territories, particularly in southern Ukraine, to secure access to the Black Sea and establish a buffer zone against the Ottoman Empire.

- Russification: The Russian Empire implemented policies aimed at assimilating the Ukrainian population and suppressing Ukrainian culture and identity. These policies included restrictions on the use of the Ukrainian language, the promotion of Russian culture and education, and the imposition of Russian administrative structures.

- Colonization: The Russian Empire encouraged the migration of Russian settlers to southern Ukraine, particularly to areas that had been depopulated due to conflicts and wars. This colonization policy aimed to strengthen Russian presence in the region and dilute the Ukrainian population.

- Infrastructure Development: The Russian Empire invested in infrastructure development in southern Ukraine, including the construction of railways, ports, and industrial facilities. These developments aimed to integrate the region into the Russian Empire's economic and administrative systems.

It is important to note that the events and policies mentioned above are based on historical records and research.