Question

Які держави зазнали поразки в ході війни? Які нові держави утворилися після Першої світової війни?Яким було ставлення Антантидо новоутворених держав?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Під час Першої світової війни поразку зазнали такі держави, як Німеччина, Австро-Угорщина, Османська імперія та Болгарія. Це призвело до руйнування імперій та створення нових держав на теренах колишніх імперій.

Після Першої світової війни було створено нові держави, такі, як Польща, Чехословаччина, Югославія і Латвія. Крім того, були проведені значні кордонні коригування і додаткові території були передані до складу Фінляндії, Румунії та Італії.

Антанта (в складі якої були Велика Британія, Франція, США та інші держави) ставилася до новоутворених держав з розумінням, які були раді цьому розвитку, але з іншого боку, ці держави були достатньо слабкими, що не викликало у Антанти довіру до них. Більше того, Антанта намагалася зберегти свої впливи на теренах цих держав і нав'язувала обмеження та умови, які стосувалися територій і економіки нових держав.

Answer 2

Countries that suffered defeat during the war

During World War I, several countries suffered defeat and significant losses. The major powers that were on the losing side of the war included:

1. Germany: Germany was one of the Central Powers and suffered a defeat in World War I. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed harsh terms on Germany, including territorial losses, military restrictions, and heavy reparations [[1]].

2. Austria-Hungary: Austria-Hungary was another Central Power that suffered defeat in World War I. The empire was dissolved after the war, and its territories were divided into several new countries [[2]].

3. Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman Empire, which was also part of the Central Powers, suffered defeat in World War I. The empire collapsed, and its territories were divided among various countries, leading to the formation of new states in the Middle East [[3]].

4. Bulgaria: Bulgaria, a member of the Central Powers, also suffered defeat in World War I. The country lost territory and had to pay reparations as part of the peace treaties that followed the war [[4]].

Newly formed states after World War I

The end of World War I led to significant changes in the political map of Europe and the world. Several new states were formed as a result of the war and the subsequent peace treaties. Some of the notable new states include:

1. Poland: Poland regained its independence after more than a century of foreign rule. The Treaty of Versailles recognized Poland as an independent state and defined its borders [[5]].

2. Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia emerged as a new state, comprising the territories of Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia, and parts of Silesia. It was created as a result of the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire [[6]].

3. Yugoslavia: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, later renamed Yugoslavia, was formed by the merging of several South Slavic regions. It included Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia [[7]].

4. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: These Baltic states gained independence from Russia during the chaos of World War I and the Russian Revolution [[8]].

Attitude of the Allies towards newly formed states

The attitude of the Allies, also known as the Entente Powers or the Allies of World War I, towards the newly formed states varied. While the principle of national self-determination was emphasized during the peace negotiations, the actual treatment of the new states differed.

1. Recognition: The Allies generally recognized the independence of the newly formed states and included them in the peace treaties. For example, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were recognized as independent states in the Treaty of Versailles [[5]] [[6]] [[7]].

2. Territorial disputes: Some of the newly formed states faced territorial disputes with neighboring countries. These disputes often led to tensions and conflicts. For example, Poland had territorial disputes with Germany and Soviet Russia, which resulted in border conflicts [[5]].

3. Influence and control: The Allies, particularly the major powers such as Britain, France, and Italy, sought to exert influence and control over the newly formed states. This was done through various means, including economic agreements, military alliances, and political pressure [[1]].

It is important to note that the treatment of the newly formed states by the Allies was complex and influenced by various factors, including geopolitical considerations, historical alliances, and the balance of power in the aftermath of World War I.