Question

Выделите проблемы Османской Империи к концу 18 века по пунктам. Пожалуйста помогите! :((

Answer 1

Ответ:Среди основных внешних проблем Османской империи можно выделить неудачные войны с Российской империей в 1768 – 1774 гг. и 1787 – 1791 гг., которые привели к потере Причерноморья, Приазовья и Крымского полуострова, рост национально-освободительной борьбы покорённых христианских народов Балкан (например сербов, болгар, греков), а также определенная зависимость от некоторых европейских государств (прежде всего Великобритании, Франции.

Answer 2

Problems of the Ottoman Empire by the late 18th century

The Ottoman Empire faced several significant problems by the late 18th century. Here are the key issues:

1. Economic Decline: The empire experienced economic stagnation and decline, which led to financial difficulties and a weakening of the state's fiscal capacity. This decline was partly due to the loss of trade routes and the emergence of new global economic powers.

2. Military Weakness: The Ottoman military, once a formidable force, had become outdated and ineffective compared to the European powers. The empire struggled to modernize its military and keep up with advancements in warfare technology.

3. Administrative Inefficiency: The Ottoman bureaucracy was plagued by corruption, nepotism, and inefficiency. This hindered effective governance and contributed to the empire's decline.

4. Nationalist Movements: The empire faced growing nationalist movements among its diverse ethnic and religious groups. These movements sought greater autonomy or independence, challenging the empire's authority and territorial integrity.

5. Loss of Territory: The Ottoman Empire experienced significant territorial losses by the late 18th century. It lost territories in Europe, such as Greece and parts of the Balkans, to uprisings and wars. These losses weakened the empire's control and influence.

6. Internal Revolts: The empire faced internal revolts and uprisings, particularly from marginalized groups such as the Janissaries (the empire's elite military corps) and the peasantry. These revolts further destabilized the empire.

7. Western Influence: The Ottoman Empire struggled to adapt to the political, economic, and cultural changes brought about by Western powers. It faced pressure to adopt Western-style reforms and institutions, but these reforms often faced resistance from conservative elements within the empire.

It's important to note that these problems were not exhaustive and that the Ottoman Empire faced a complex array of challenges during this period. The issues mentioned above, however, highlight some of the key problems that contributed to the empire's decline.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.