Question

Визначте три характерні риси суспільно-політичного устрою Русі- України в ІХ-Х ст. 1 привілейована верства суспільства бояри сформувалися з родоплемінної знаті і дружинників 2 основну масу населення Русі становили вільні селяни-общинники (смерди) 3 значний прошарок населення становили раби, які відігравали основну роль в господарстві 4 великий князь обирався на народному віче 5 дружинниками могли бути виключно вихідні з слов’янських племен 6 мешканці міст користувалися правом самоврядування 7 управляти державою князю допомагали воєводи і посадники.

Answer 1

Characteristics of the Social-Political System of Rus-Ukraine in the 9th-10th Centuries

The social-political system of Rus-Ukraine in the 9th-10th centuries had several characteristic features. Let's explore them in detail:

1. Privileged Class: Boyars: - The privileged class of society in Rus-Ukraine during this period was composed of the boyars. They were formed from the noble clans and warriors (druzhinniks) [[1]]. - The boyars held significant power and influence in the society, often serving as advisors to the ruling princes [[1]].

2. Main Population: Free Peasants (Smerdi): - The majority of the population in Rus-Ukraine during this period consisted of free peasants known as "smerdi" or "obshchinniks" [[2]]. - These free peasants lived in communal villages and were organized into self-governing communities called "obshchinas" or "mir" [[2]]. - The obshchinas had their own internal governance structures and were responsible for managing communal lands and resolving disputes within the community [[2]].

3. Significant Population: Slaves: - Another significant segment of the population in Rus-Ukraine during this period consisted of slaves, who played a crucial role in the economy [[3]]. - Slaves were primarily acquired through warfare, trade, or as a result of debt bondage [[3]]. - Slaves were employed in various economic activities, including agriculture, crafts, and domestic service [[3]].

4. Election of the Grand Prince: - The grand prince, the highest-ranking ruler in Rus-Ukraine, was elected by the people's assembly known as the "veche" or "viche" [[4]]. - The veche was a gathering of free men where important decisions regarding the state were made, including the election of the grand prince [[4]].

5. Druzhinniks: Warriors from Slavic Tribes: - The druzhinniks, who were warriors serving the ruling princes, were typically selected from the Slavic tribes [[5]]. - These warriors formed the prince's retinue and played a crucial role in defending the state and maintaining order [[5]].

6. Self-Government in Cities: - The residents of cities in Rus-Ukraine enjoyed a degree of self-governance during this period [[6]]. - They had the right to manage their own affairs and were organized into self-governing bodies known as "posads" [[6]].

7. Assistance to the Ruling Prince: - The ruling prince was supported in governing the state by voivodes (military commanders) and posadniks (city governors) [[7]]. - These officials played a significant role in assisting the prince in maintaining law and order and managing the affairs of the state [[7]].

These characteristics provide a glimpse into the social-political structure of Rus-Ukraine in the 9th-10th centuries. It is important to note that the society and political system of that time were complex and evolved over the centuries, influenced by various factors such as external invasions, cultural exchanges, and internal developments.

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