Question

Козацькі повстання 1690 років та наслідки​

Answer 1

1625—1638 — Повстання Жмайла, Повстання Федоровича (Трясила), Повстання Сулими, Повстання Павлюка, Повстання Остряни

1648—1657 — Хмельниччина

наслидки

ліквідуючи повстання, каральні загони безжально винищували не тільки безпосередньо його учасників, але й мирне населення — жінок, дітей, старих. Козаки, міщани та селяни масово тікали на територію Московського царства, головним чином на Дон і Слобожанщину, де їх не могла дістати шляхта

козаки мусили передати полякам артилерію, корогви, булави, усі військові відзнаки

козацтво було позбавлене самоврядування. На чолі його відтепер стояв не виборний гетьман, а спеціальний комісар, призначений королем; полковниками могли бути лише польські офіцери

суворо обмежувалася територія розселення козацтва: той, хто спробував би без дозволу піти на Запорізьку Січ, мав бути скараним на смерть

козаки, не внесені до реєстру, оголошувалися кріпаками

посилилися феодальна експлуатація та національний гніт в Україні

зросли панщина, побори з містян, утиски православних

на Дніпрі була відбудована фортеця Кодак

в Україні тепер постійно перебувало велике польське військо

Значення

Answer 2

Kozak Uprisings of 1690 and Their Consequences

The Kozak uprisings of 1690 were a series of rebellions led by the Ukrainian Cossacks against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. These uprisings were a response to the political and social tensions that had been brewing for years between the Cossacks and the Polish nobility.

Causes of the Uprisings The Kozak uprisings of 1690 were primarily driven by several factors, including:

1. Political and Social Tensions: The Cossacks, who were a semi-nomadic warrior class in Ukraine, had long-standing grievances with the Polish nobility. They felt that their rights and privileges were being undermined, and they sought greater autonomy and recognition of their military and administrative institutions.

2. Religious Conflicts: Religious tensions between the Orthodox Christian Cossacks and the predominantly Catholic Polish nobility also played a significant role in fueling the uprisings. The Cossacks wanted greater religious freedom and autonomy.

3. Economic Factors: Economic issues, such as high taxes and the exploitation of the Cossack population by the Polish nobility, further exacerbated the discontent among the Cossacks.

Consequences of the Uprisings The Kozak uprisings of 1690 had several significant consequences:

1. Increased Repression: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth responded to the uprisings with brutal repression. The Cossacks were subjected to harsh punishments, including executions, confiscation of property, and forced resettlement.

2. Weakening of the Cossack Movement: The uprisings marked a significant blow to the Cossack movement in Ukraine. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth implemented policies to weaken the Cossacks' military and administrative institutions, effectively reducing their autonomy and power.

3. Shift in Power Dynamics: The uprisings contributed to a shift in power dynamics in the region. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the support of the Russian Empire, sought to assert greater control over Ukraine, while the Cossacks struggled to maintain their independence and rights.

4. Impact on Ukrainian National Identity: The uprisings played a role in shaping Ukrainian national identity. The Cossacks' resistance against Polish oppression and their struggle for autonomy became an important part of Ukrainian historical and cultural narratives.

It's important to note that the information provided above is based on search result snippets from various sources. For more in-depth information, it is recommended to consult the full articles from the sources mentioned.