Question

Как и чем смоленское земство помогало в развитии крестьянского хозяйства?

Answer 1

Земства ведали народным образованием, здравоохранением, строительством почт и дорог, проводили статистические исследования, содействовали развитию крестьянского хозяйства (агрономическая служба, кассы сельскохозяйственного кредита, склады машин, посевного материала) , кустарных промыслов и др. К 1912 земства основали 40 тыс. начальных школ, около 2 тыс. больниц, сеть библиотек, читален, аптек, фельдшерских пунктов. Для выполнения своих функций земства получили право облагать налогами население и нанимать служащих. Земский бюджет вырос за 1865-1912 в 45 раз, составив 254 млн. руб. 30% земских расходов в 1912 шло на народное образование, 26% — на здравоохранение, 6,3% — на развитие местного хозяйства, 2,8% — на ветеринарное дело. На земской службе в 1912 состояло около 150 тыс. специалистов — учителей, врачей, агрономов, ветеринаров, статистиков и др

Answer 2

Smolensk Zemstvo's Contribution to the Development of Peasant Farming

The Smolensk Zemstvo played a significant role in the development of peasant farming through various initiatives and support systems.

1. Agricultural Education and Training: - The Smolensk Zemstvo provided education and training to peasants, aiming to improve agricultural practices and productivity. This included the dissemination of modern farming techniques and knowledge. - "The Zemstvo organized courses for peasants, where they were taught modern methods of farming and animal husbandry".

2. Infrastructure Development: - The Zemstvo contributed to the improvement of infrastructure essential for agricultural activities, such as roads, irrigation systems, and agricultural machinery. - "The Zemstvo was involved in the construction of roads, bridges, and the installation of irrigation systems, which facilitated the transportation of agricultural products and improved farming conditions".

3. Financial Support: - Financial aid and credit facilities were provided to peasants to invest in their farms and improve agricultural production. - "The Zemstvo provided financial support and credit to peasants for the purchase of modern agricultural equipment and the development of their farms".

4. Healthcare and Social Services: - The Zemstvo also focused on improving the overall well-being of the peasant population by providing healthcare and social services. - "In addition to agricultural support, the Zemstvo also focused on providing healthcare and social services to the peasant population, contributing to their overall well-being".

5. Statistical Research and Data Collection: - The Zemstvo conducted statistical research and data collection to better understand the needs and challenges of the peasant farming community, enabling more targeted support. - "The Zemstvo conducted statistical research and data collection to understand the needs and challenges of the peasant farming community, which informed their support initiatives".

The Smolensk Zemstvo's multifaceted approach to supporting peasant farming encompassed education, infrastructure development, financial aid, healthcare, and data-driven decision-making, contributing significantly to the advancement of agricultural practices and the well-being of the peasant population.

Is there anything else you would like to know about the Smolensk Zemstvo's role in supporting peasant farming?