Question

Какие реформы начал проводить Иван IV (срочно надо ответ напомошь)​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Проведены реформы военной службы, судебной системы, государственного управления, в том числе внедрены элементы самоуправления на местном уровне (губная, земская и другие реформы)

Answer 2

Reforms Initiated by Ivan IV

Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible, was the first Tsar of Russia. He ruled from 1547 until his death in 1584. During his reign, Ivan IV implemented several reforms that aimed to consolidate his power and strengthen the Russian state. Here are some of the key reforms initiated by Ivan IV:

1. Centralization of Power: Ivan IV sought to centralize power in his own hands and reduce the influence of the nobility. He established a new administrative structure known as the oprichnina, which involved the creation of a separate territory directly controlled by the Tsar. This allowed Ivan IV to bypass the traditional power structures and assert his authority more effectively.

2. Military Reforms: Ivan IV recognized the importance of a strong military and implemented various reforms to modernize and expand the Russian army. He introduced new military formations, such as the streltsy (musketeers), and established a standing army. These reforms aimed to enhance Russia's military capabilities and protect the country from external threats.

3. Legal Reforms: Ivan IV introduced a new legal code known as the Sudebnik of 1550. This code aimed to standardize legal procedures and ensure fair and consistent application of the law. It also established the principle of equality before the law and introduced new punishments for crimes. The Sudebnik of 1550 played a significant role in shaping the Russian legal system for centuries to come.

4. Economic Reforms: Ivan IV implemented various economic reforms to stimulate trade and industry in Russia. He encouraged foreign merchants to establish trading posts in Russian cities and promoted the development of domestic industries. Ivan IV also introduced new regulations to protect the rights of merchants and regulate commercial activities.

5. Expansion of Territory: Ivan IV pursued an aggressive policy of territorial expansion, which resulted in the annexation of vast territories in Siberia and the Volga region. These conquests significantly expanded the borders of the Russian state and laid the foundation for Russia's future status as a major world power.

It is important to note that while Ivan IV implemented several reforms, his reign was also marked by periods of political repression and violence. The oprichnina, in particular, was associated with widespread terror and the persecution of Ivan IV's political opponents. These actions have contributed to his controversial reputation in history.

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