Question

Письмова робота: довести,що історія Польщі і Литви була пов'язана з долею українських земель. пж нужен ответ срочно​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Після поділів Польщі до складу Російської імперії увійшли всі інші українські землі, за винятком Галичини, Закарпаття і Буковини. Однак і в складі Росії польської знаті була дана можливість зберегти впливове становище в суспільній структурі західних губерній, оскільки російська влада безуспішно намагалися заручитися її лояльністю. Однак, у міру провалу такої політики і спалахування польських повстань, протягом XIX століття владою робилися спроби емансипувати східнослов'янське населення від польського впливу, в тому числі шляхом скасування унії і повернення правобережних парафій в православ'я. У відповідь, польські інтелектуали, в тому числі хлопомани, почали підтримувати українофільські течії і в значній мірі сприяли виникненню українського національного руху. В королівстві Галичини і Лодомерії, польська меншина, поповнилась втікачами з Російської імперії, учасниками повстання 1863 року.

Answer 2

The History of Poland and Lithuania and its Connection to Ukrainian Lands

The history of Poland and Lithuania is indeed closely connected to the fate of Ukrainian lands. Over the centuries, these regions have shared a complex and intertwined history, marked by political alliances, territorial disputes, cultural exchanges, and conflicts. Here is a detailed overview of the historical connections between Poland, Lithuania, and Ukrainian lands:

1. Medieval Origins and the Union of Lublin (1569): - The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were separate entities in the medieval period. However, they formed a personal union in 1386 when the Polish King Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) married the Lithuanian Grand Duke Jadwiga. - The Union of Lublin in 1569 further solidified the relationship between Poland and Lithuania. It created the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a federal state with a shared monarch, common institutions, and a joint foreign policy.

2. Expansion and the Union of Brest (1596): - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth expanded its territory eastward, incorporating lands that are now part of modern-day Ukraine. - In 1596, the Union of Brest was signed, which aimed to unite the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Commonwealth with the Roman Catholic Church. This union had a significant impact on the religious and cultural landscape of Ukrainian lands.

3. Cossack Uprisings and the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648-1654): - In the mid-17th century, Ukrainian Cossacks led several uprisings against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, seeking greater autonomy and religious freedom. - The most significant of these uprisings was the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648-1654), led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky. It resulted in a series of wars between the Cossacks and the Commonwealth, ultimately leading to the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654.

4. Partition and Russian Rule (18th century): - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth faced a series of partitions in the late 18th century, where neighboring powers, including Russia, Prussia, and Austria, divided its territory among themselves. - As a result of these partitions, Ukrainian lands were divided between the Russian Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, and Prussia. This division had a lasting impact on the political and cultural development of Ukraine.

5. Polish-Ukrainian Relations in the 19th and 20th Centuries: - Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, Ukrainian lands were under the rule of various powers, including the Russian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. - The struggle for Ukrainian independence intensified during this period, with various political movements and uprisings seeking self-determination. - The Polish-Ukrainian War (1918-1919) and the subsequent Peace of Riga in 1921 resulted in the division of Ukrainian territories between Poland and the Soviet Union.

6. World War II and Soviet Rule: - During World War II, Ukraine suffered greatly under both Nazi German occupation and Soviet rule. - The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union led to the division of Eastern Europe, including Ukrainian lands, between these two powers. - The post-war period saw Ukraine becoming part of the Soviet Union, with the western regions remaining under Polish control.

7. Independence and Modern Relations: - With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine gained independence and established itself as a sovereign nation. - Today, Poland and Ukraine maintain diplomatic relations and cooperate in various fields, including trade, culture, and security.

In conclusion, the history of Poland and Lithuania is closely intertwined with the fate of Ukrainian lands. From medieval unions and expansions to partitions and conflicts, these regions have shared a complex and interconnected history. The connections between Poland, Lithuania, and Ukrainian lands have shaped the political, cultural, and religious landscape of the region over the centuries.

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