Question

ТЕМА Чем Древняя Спарта отличалась от Афин?Перейти к урокуЗАДАНИЕ ОТ УЧИТЕЛЯДайте определение понятиям:1) илоты2) периэки3) олигархи4) геруся​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Илоты-бесправные люди в Спарте, которых использовали в земледелии

Пэриэки-одна из свободных групп населения Спарты,не обладающая гражданскими правами.

Олигархи-форма государственного управления,при которой все государственные вопросы решает небольшая группа влиятельных людей.

Герусия-орган власти в Древней Греции,в который входили только мужчины старше шестидесяти лет.

Answer 2

Differences between Ancient Sparta and Athens

Ancient Sparta and Athens were two prominent city-states in ancient Greece that had distinct differences in their political, social, and cultural systems. Here are some key differences between the two:

1. Government and Political System: - Sparta: Sparta had a unique political system known as a dual monarchy, where two kings ruled simultaneously. The government was also characterized by an oligarchy, where a small group of elite citizens, known as the Gerousia, held significant power and made important decisions. The Gerousia consisted of 28 elders, who were elected for life, and the two kings. - Athens: Athens, on the other hand, is often considered the birthplace of democracy. It had a democratic political system where all eligible citizens could participate in the decision-making process. The Athenian democracy was characterized by the Assembly, where citizens could vote on laws and policies.

2. Military and Society: - Sparta: Sparta was known for its highly militaristic society. The primary focus of Spartan citizens was military training and warfare. Spartan men were expected to serve in the military from a young age and were known for their discipline and bravery in battle. The Spartan society was highly regimented and had a strict social hierarchy. - Athens: Athens, although it had a military, placed less emphasis on warfare compared to Sparta. Athenian society was more diverse and focused on education, arts, and philosophy. Athenians valued intellectual pursuits and were known for their contributions to literature, drama, and philosophy.

3. Education and Women's Roles: - Sparta: In Sparta, education was primarily focused on physical training and preparing citizens for military service. Boys were sent to military barracks at the age of seven, where they underwent rigorous training. Girls also received physical education and were encouraged to be strong and healthy to produce strong offspring. Spartan women had more freedom and rights compared to other Greek city-states, as they could own property and participate in public life to some extent. - Athens: Education in Athens was more focused on intellectual and artistic development. Boys received a well-rounded education that included subjects like mathematics, literature, music, and physical education. Girls, however, received limited education and were primarily trained in household duties. Athenian women had fewer rights and were expected to stay at home and manage the household.

4. Social Structure: - Sparta: Spartan society was divided into three main classes: Spartiates (full citizens), Perioikoi (free non-citizen inhabitants), and Helots (state-owned serfs). The Spartiates were the ruling class and held all political power. The Perioikoi were free inhabitants who were not full citizens but had some rights and responsibilities. The Helots were the lowest class and were essentially slaves owned by the state. - Athens: Athenian society was more egalitarian compared to Sparta. It had a larger middle class and a more diverse social structure. Athenian citizens had political rights and could participate in the democratic process. However, there were also slaves (known as "slaves by nature" or "slaves by law") who were owned by individuals and performed various tasks.

These are just some of the key differences between Ancient Sparta and Athens. It's important to note that both city-states had their own unique characteristics and contributions to ancient Greek civilization.