Question

Япония 16-17века очень кратко

Answer 1

С конца 16  начала 17 века, началось "новое время" (Кинсей), где был сегунат (СЁГУНАТ — военно-феодальная система правления в Японии, при которой император выполнял сугубо церемониальные функции, а реальная власть принадлежала — сёгуну, должность сёгуна передавалась по наследству). Сегунат Токугава. Это время еще называют кризис феодализма.

До прихода сегуната Токугава был сегунат Муромати (в 16 веке). Новые сёгуны постепенно лишили императорский двор прежних полномочий и  исчез дуализм в системе управления периода Камакура. Самым могущественным сёгуном династии по праву считается Асикага Ёсимицу.

Answer 2

Japan in the 16th and 17th Centuries

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Japan experienced significant political, social, and cultural changes. This period is often referred to as the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the Edo period. Let's explore some key aspects of Japan during this time:

1. Political Landscape: - The Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568-1600) marked the end of the Sengoku period, a time of intense civil wars in Japan. It was characterized by the rise of powerful warlords, such as Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who sought to unify the country under their rule. - Toyotomi Hideyoshi succeeded in unifying Japan and established a centralized government. However, his rule was short-lived, and after his death, Tokugawa Ieyasu emerged as the dominant figure. - The Edo period (1603-1868) began when Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa shogunate, a military government that ruled Japan for over 250 years. The shogunate brought stability and peace to the country, but it also imposed strict social and political control.

2. Social Structure: - During the Edo period, Japan adopted a strict social hierarchy known as the "Four-Class System." This system divided society into four main classes: samurai (warriors), farmers, artisans, and merchants. Each class had specific roles and responsibilities. - The samurai class held the highest social status and were the ruling elite. They were expected to uphold the code of bushido, a set of ethical principles that emphasized loyalty, honor, and self-discipline. - The farmers formed the backbone of society and were responsible for agricultural production. They were highly respected but had limited social mobility. - The artisans were skilled craftsmen who produced various goods, including pottery, textiles, and metalwork. - The merchants, although considered the lowest class, played a crucial role in the economy by facilitating trade and commerce.

3. Cultural Developments: - The Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods witnessed significant cultural achievements. The arts flourished, and traditional Japanese arts such as tea ceremony, Noh theater, and ikebana (flower arrangement) gained prominence. - The period also saw the emergence of ukiyo-e, a popular art form that depicted scenes from everyday life, landscapes, and famous actors. - Literature also thrived during this time, with notable works like "The Tale of Genji" by Murasaki Shikibu and "The Pillow Book" by Sei Shonagon.

4. Isolationist Policies: - During the Edo period, Japan adopted a policy of isolation known as sakoku. This policy aimed to limit foreign influence and maintain domestic stability. - The Tokugawa shogunate restricted foreign trade to a few designated ports and imposed strict regulations on foreign visitors. This policy lasted until the mid-19th century when Japan was forced to open its doors to the outside world.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search result snippets and should be verified for accuracy.