Question

Проанализируйте текст и определите задачи нэп (не менее 3-х) 8-16 марта 1921 года состоялся X съезд РКП (б), который принял решение о переходе к Нэпу.Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет (BЦИК) принял Декрет «О заменепродовольственной и сырьевой разверстки натуральным налогом».Это была временная политика большевиков, направленная на создание условий для развитиясоциализма. Нэп был нацелен на восстановление разрушенного хозяйства, создание материально-технической и социально-культурной основы для построения социализма. Размер продналога былфиксированным, устанавливался по каждому виду сельхозпродуктов до весеннего сева с учетом условийи степени зажиточности. Хозяйства, имевшие 6 и менее голов крупного рогатого скота, освобождались отуплаты налогов. В 1922-1923 гг. все виды натуральных налогов заменялись единым натуральнымналогом.Суть Нэпа сводилась к развитию рыночных отношений. Он допускал продажу в частные рукипромысленных предприятий, предприятий сферы услуг с целью их восстановления, разрешил аренду инайм, заменил продразверстку продналогом. Если при продразверстке государство изымало 70% урожая(зерна), то при продналоге изъятию подлежало 30% урожая (зерна).Почему несмотря на положительные результаты уже к 1925 году НЭП начали сворачивать?​

Answer 1

Ответ: Проблема совместимости НЭПа и коммунистической идеологии. Возможность "Мелкобуржуазного перерождения" Советской власти. Проблемы реконструкции крупной промышленности.

Объяснение: не точно

Answer 2

The New Economic Policy (НЭП) and its Objectives

The New Economic Policy (НЭП) was a temporary policy implemented by the Bolsheviks in Soviet Russia from 1921 to 1928. It aimed to create conditions for the development of socialism by rebuilding the devastated economy and establishing a material-technical and socio-cultural foundation for the construction of socialism.

The main objectives of the New Economic Policy were as follows:

1. Reconstruction of the Economy: The NEP aimed to restore the economy that had been severely damaged by the Russian Civil War and the economic policies of War Communism. It allowed for the revival of private enterprise and market mechanisms, which were temporarily permitted to stimulate economic growth and recovery.

2. Development of Market Relations: The NEP sought to develop market relations and introduce elements of capitalism into the Soviet economy. It allowed for the sale of industrial enterprises and services to private individuals, as well as the leasing and hiring of resources. This was done to attract investment, increase production, and improve efficiency.

3. Replacement of Prodrazverstka with Prodnyalog: The NEP replaced the policy of prodrazverstka (forced requisitioning of agricultural products) with prodnyalog (a fixed agricultural tax). Under prodrazverstka, the state confiscated a significant portion of the agricultural harvest (up to 70% of grain). However, under prodnyalog, only 30% of the harvest was subject to state requisitioning, while the remaining 70% could be sold or used by the farmers themselves.

The NEP was initially successful in achieving its objectives. It led to a significant increase in agricultural production, stimulated industrial growth, and improved living conditions for the population. However, despite these positive results, the NEP was gradually phased out starting from 1925.

Reasons for the Phasing Out of the NEP

There were several reasons why the NEP was gradually phased out:

1. Political Opposition: Some members of the Communist Party, including Joseph Stalin, criticized the NEP for allowing the restoration of capitalist elements and undermining the principles of socialism. They argued for a more rapid transition to a fully planned economy and the collectivization of agriculture.

2. Class Struggle: The NEP led to the emergence of a new class of wealthy peasants, known as the kulaks, who accumulated wealth and resources through private enterprise. This created tensions and conflicts between the kulaks and the working class, as well as within the Communist Party itself.

3. Economic Challenges: Despite its initial success, the NEP faced challenges such as inflation, uneven development, and the persistence of economic backwardness in certain regions. These challenges raised concerns about the long-term viability of the NEP and its ability to achieve the goals of socialism.

4. Ideological Shift: The phasing out of the NEP was also influenced by a shift in the ideological orientation of the Soviet leadership. The rise of Stalin and the consolidation of his power marked a shift towards a more centralized and planned economy, as well as a more aggressive approach to industrialization and collectivization.

In conclusion, despite the positive results achieved by the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the early years, it was gradually phased out due to political opposition, class struggle, economic challenges, and a shift in ideological orientation. The NEP represented a temporary compromise between socialism and capitalism, and its phasing out marked a transition towards a more centralized and planned economy in the Soviet Union.