Question

8. Три правильні відповіді. Що з наведеного не відноситься до політико-ідеологічної кризи радянської системи в 1964 – 1985 рр.: 1. реалії життя розходилися з комуністичними догмами 2. децентралізація управлінської системи 3. прикриття ідеологічних прорахунків терміном «розвинений соціалізм» 4. сприяння влади процесам русифікації 5. відміна цензури 6. лібералізація суспільно-політичного життя 7. закріплення принципу багатопартійності при владі

Answer 1

Що з наведеного не відноситься до політико-ідеологічної кризи радянської системи в 1964 – 1985 рр.:

2. децентралізація управлінської системи

4. сприяння влади процесам русифікації

5. відміна цензури

Answer 2

The Political-Ideological Crisis of the Soviet System (1964-1985)

The period from 1964 to 1985 marked a significant political-ideological crisis in the Soviet system. During this time, the Soviet Union experienced various challenges and changes that had a profound impact on its political and ideological landscape. Let's examine the options provided and determine which ones do not belong to this crisis.

1. Realities of life conflicting with communist dogmas: This option is directly related to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system during this period. The Soviet Union faced a growing disparity between the communist ideals propagated by the regime and the actual realities of life experienced by its citizens. Economic inefficiencies, shortages, and a decline in living standards were among the factors that contributed to this crisis [[1]].

2. Decentralization of the management system: This option is also relevant to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system. In an attempt to address the inefficiencies and rigidities of the centralized planning system, the Soviet leadership introduced limited decentralization measures. These reforms aimed to grant more decision-making power to local authorities and enterprises, allowing them to respond to local needs more effectively. However, the implementation of these reforms was limited and did not fundamentally alter the centralized nature of the Soviet system [[2]].

3. Covering ideological miscalculations with the term "developed socialism": This option is directly related to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system. In an effort to maintain the legitimacy of the regime, Soviet leaders attempted to justify the shortcomings and failures of the system by using the term "developed socialism." This term was meant to convey the idea that the Soviet Union had achieved a higher stage of socialism, despite the evident economic and social challenges it faced [[3]].

4. Promoting Russification processes: This option is also relevant to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system. The Soviet Union was a multinational state, consisting of various ethnic groups. However, during this period, there were instances of the central authorities promoting Russification policies, which aimed to strengthen the influence of Russian culture and language throughout the Soviet Union. These policies often led to tensions and discontent among non-Russian ethnic groups, contributing to the political-ideological crisis [[4]].

5. Abolition of censorship: This option is not directly related to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system during this period. While there were some limited relaxations of censorship in the Soviet Union during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly in the cultural sphere, overall, censorship remained a significant tool of control for the Soviet authorities. The political-ideological crisis primarily revolved around the legitimacy and effectiveness of the Soviet system, rather than the issue of censorship [[5]].

6. Liberalization of socio-political life: This option is directly related to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system. The period from 1964 to 1985 witnessed a certain degree of liberalization in the Soviet Union. This included a relaxation of cultural restrictions, increased intellectual freedom, and a more open public discourse. However, it is important to note that this liberalization was limited and carefully controlled by the authorities, as they sought to maintain their grip on power [[6]].

7. Consolidation of the principle of multiparty rule in power: This option is not directly related to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system during this period. The Soviet Union remained a one-party state throughout this period, with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) maintaining its monopoly on political power. While there were discussions and debates within the party, the principle of multiparty rule was not established during this time [[7]].

In summary, the options that do not belong to the political-ideological crisis of the Soviet system in 1964-1985 are:

- Option 5: Abolition of censorship - Option 7: Consolidation of the principle of multiparty rule in power

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